‘ 
382 
develop artificially a succession of plant-associations which should 
culminate in a permanent and fairly staple pasture. In the case of 
afinbastatich it is only necessary to keep the sand in check till the 
trees are well established, at which time, if sufficiently close, they 
will form a_ perfect shelter to easily blown sand. But in the 
formation of pastures the case is different. The wind is continually 
blowing over the surface and opposing the formation of thick turf. 
The great object, therefore, m pasture-making, after checking 
moving sand, is to increase the cohesion of the upper sates 
and with this in view plants producing the maximum amount of 
humus should be selected. These may be succeeded by the use 
of those pasture-plants which form a good permanent turf, A list 
of the most suitable grasses, clovers, and fodder-plants is provided, 
together with much valuable information as to planting and 
treatment in different types of localit 
Whilst the farming of dune-areas is largely practised in New 
Zealand, afforestation has up to the present hardly been attempted. 
A number of suggestions however are given. any trees are 
known to flourish in pure sand in various parts of the Dominion, 
and others, such as Olearia Traversii and several pines, are capable 
of resisting salt-gales, and thus may be used for pla anting close to 
the shore. Within this sheitenbols, species of acacia, eucalyptus, 
Hts experiment, he report concludes with a list of plants 
suitable for dune-cultivation in New Zealand, and with a biblio- 
graphy of 140 titles. 
&, Ut 
Trees and Shrubs.—Professor Sargent’s monumental work “ The 
Silva of North America,” of which the first volume was published 
in 1891, was concluded in 1902. It comprises 14 handsome ures 
volumes illustrated by 740 plates prepared from nature 
C, E. Faxon, and its publishers are Messrs. Houghton Mifflin 
Company of Boston and New York. Author, artist, printer and 
all concerned in the production of this work have each aimed at a 
high standard of bibliographical leg with the result that 
“The Silva of North America” is easily the best work of its 
kind. Naturally this fine series of volumes is costly and always 
will be. The publishers’ price is $350. 
The publication which is the subject of the present note may be 
regarded as supplementary to the “Silva.” Its full title is: 
: Trees and Shyubs : Illustrations of new or little known Ligneous 
Eats p prepare chiefly from material at the Arnold Arboret um 
reached Kew £ 
pubbabits of the work, The pri eek each part is $5 net. The 
excellent drawings fimsclouredy ae "prepared by} Mr. C. E, Faxon, 
