304 REcorD: BOXWOODS OF COMMERCE 
concentric lines, and with irregular wedge-shaped patches here 
and there extending from the outer surface to varying depths. 
The inner surface shows a storied structure more or less distinctly 
under the lens. The number of ripple marks per inch of length 
is about 140.* 
Descriptive key to the boxwoods of commerce 
(Microscopic features) 
A. Vessel perforations scalariform (mostly 5-10 bars). Wood parenchyma diffuse 
short tangential rows; no concentric lines. Rays heterogeneous; large 
cells thick-walled; pits into vessels small, half-bordered. ibers without 
gelatinous layer; often arranged in fairly definite radial rows, and somewhat 
flattened at termination of growth rings. Pores open, nae distributed, single, 
rounded, mostly under 0.03 mm. (tang. diam.). Vessel pits small, border 
circular, aperture very small, dot-like. Growth rings defined by narrow pore- 
less zones. 
a. Wood fibers with inconspicuous, indistinctly bordered pits. Rays I-3, mostly 
I or 2, cells wide; 1-15, in some specimens hy cells high; max. 0.02 mm. X 
0.25 —0.40 mm. TuRKISH Boxwoop; Buxus sempervirens L. 
* b. Wood fibers with distinctly bordered pits; sometimes very saccime Rays 
I-3, mostly 2, cells nea) I-20, mostly 8—10, cells high; max.0.02 mm. X 0.17 
mm. EastL r CAPE Boxwoop; Buxus Macowani Gite: 
B. Vessel perforations Sa 
Wi hyma absent or very rare. Rays narrow, 1-3 cells wide; 
crowded; few to 75 cells high; max. 0.03 mm. X 1.5 mm.; heterogeneous; crys- 
tals very common; pits into rays very small, half-bordered, with latt tice-tike 
ibers with 
rows due to crowding of rays; sometimes falsely septate with resin-plates; 
aah? simple but often conspicuous. Middle lamella often very thick at corners 
a deep yellow color. ores open, arranged mostly in radial rows of 
ce usually 2-4; commonly not flattened; mostly under 0.04 mm. (tang. 
diam.). Vessel pits very small with slit-like vate which may extend 
beyond borders and appear to coalesce into spi Growth rings present 
but more distinct under simple lens than aes compound microscope. 
ZAPATERO, or (COMMON) WEsT INDIAN or VENEZUELAN Boxwoop; Casearia 
cox Griseb. 
b. Wood parenchyma present and distinct. Rays rarely 40 cells high. 
a', Rays homogeneous or nearly so; mostly uniseriate; 1-20 cells high; 
f borde: 
chyma diffuse; rarely in tangential lines except at margins of growth 
rings. Fibers without gelatinous layer; some tendency to radial arrange- 
ment; pits distinctly bordered. Pores single; ; 
larger pores 0.06-0.07 mm. (tang. diam.); open. Vessel pits comparatively 
_ large with apertures extending beyond borders. Growth rings de fined by 
narrow pore-less zones. AMARILLO, or VENEZUELAN Boxwoop; Aspido- 
mas sperma Vargasii DC. 
_* The only other member of this family (Ulmacee) in which ripple marks are 
known to occur is Holoptelea oloptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch, 
