No. I.] SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA OF VERTEBRATES. 43 



of Amphibia as a unipolar cell, adopting in this respect Kolli- 

 ker's (25) view. In methylene blue stained preparations the 

 cell body of such neurons remains, as a rule, wholly unstained. 

 In such sections, double-stained in alum carmine, its outline 

 may, however, be clearly made out, as PI. Ill, Figs. 9 and 10, 

 may show. 



In such sections it may be seen that the cell body is more 

 or less regularly round or oval, becoming attenuated at one 

 end, from which portion arises the straight process, a, of PI. 

 Ill, Figs. 9 and 10 respectively. The straight process often 

 remains unstained ; in some cells, however, it is stained faintly 

 blue, and in such cases it gradually loses its blue color as it 

 approaches the cell body, becoming continuous with the drawn- 

 out portion of the cell. Smirnow (24) states that the straight 

 process may in some cases take on a medullary sheath (see 

 Fig. 16 of Smirnow's article). This I have not seen. In sec- 

 tions only relatively short, straight processes are seen ; they 

 are not, as far as my observations go, medullated near the cell 

 body. In sections of the nerve roots coming from the sympa- 

 thetic ganglia, very small medullated fibers may now and then 

 be seen, no doubt medullated sympathetic fibers such as Smir- 

 now describes, and as were seen many years ago by Kolliker 

 and others in the sympathetic nerves of the frog. The great 

 majority of the sympathetic fibers of the frog are, however, 

 non-medullated. Schwalbe, Feist, and Smirnow state that the 

 straight process may undergo branching at a variable distance 

 from the cell body. The former (Schwalbe and Feist) regard 

 the straight process as a dendrite, if I understand Feist correctly, 

 as has been stated in the review of the literature. Smirnow 

 (24) likens the branching seen by him (Fig. 1 1 of his article) 

 to a "T "-shaped process, as seen in the spinal ganglia. He 

 leaves it an open question whether all straight processes divide 

 in this way. 



In sections of larger ganglia such a division was never seen 

 by me. The straight process is here, as a rule, so indistinctly 

 stained that it could not be traced for any distance. In surface 

 preparations of the bladder and pharynx, stained, intra vitam, 

 in methylene blue, fixed in ammonium picrate, and cleared in 



