5 2 HUBER. [Vol. XVI. 



has been followed, as a number of dissections of the species 

 worked on by me seem to agree with it in all essentials. 



The sympathetic ganglia in the pharynx, oesophagus, in the 

 heart (see Gaskall, Journal of Physiology, Vol. V), in the wall 

 of the stomach and small intestine, were also studied. The 

 intra vitam methylene blue method was alone used. The gan- 

 glia were fixed in ammonium molybdate, sectioned, and some 

 of the sections mounted at once in balsam ; others were double- 

 stained in alum carmine before mounting in balsam. 



In the literature at my disposal I have not seen arty reference 

 to observations made on the sympathetic ganglia of Reptilia 

 with either the methylene blue or the chrome silver method. 

 The older literature was not searched carefully enough to say 

 whether these structures have been examined at all ; this did 

 not seem necessary, as such references would have no direct 

 bearing on the observations here recorded. 



Sympathetic Neurons of Reptilia: Tortoise. — The sympa- 

 thetic neurons of the Reptilia studied vary greatly in shape and 

 size. Their shape may be multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar. Multi- 

 polar cells are found in all ganglia, and in well-stained cells the 

 dendrites and neuraxes can usually be differentiated. Only 

 one neuraxis is found ; this may arise from the cell body, as 

 is the usual way, or from a dendrite at some distance from the 

 cell body. 



Bipolar cells are not numerous, and are usually found near 

 one of the poles of a ganglion, between the efferent or afferent 

 nerve fibers. Such cells are now and then seen in peripheral 

 nerves some distance from a ganglion ; they are now and then 

 seen in the nerves found in the oesophageal mucosa. Cells 

 which I have classed as unipolar belong to the largest cells 

 seen; their peculiarity calls for a somewhat more extended 

 description. These cells belong to the largest cells found ; 

 they are much more numerous in the larger ganglia of the 

 chain, although they have often been recognized in many of 

 the smaller ganglia. The cell body of such cells (see Fig. II, 

 and PI. IV, Fig. 12) is usually more or less regularly round or 

 oval, and very often presents a depression at one side of the 

 cell body, from which arises one large process. This process 



