INEQUALITIES IN HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES 5 
paired in the female), one normal No. 1 chromosome, and the 
abnormal (long) No. 1. In the male cells (figs. 12-13) there are 
two large pairs (7 and 6), two intermediate pairs (5 and 4), one 
small pair (3), and the sex chromosome (2) unpaired; the other 
small tetrad is represented by one small No. 1 chromosome 
paired with the abnormal long chromosome. It is evident from 
these two figures that this long structure is connected with one 
of the small (No. 1) chromosomes. 
The long abnormal diad bears no constant relation to the sex 
chromosome in its distribution to the second spermatocyte 
cells, as figures 12 and 13 show. A large number of dividing 
cells examined showed that in the reduction division it passed 
as often to the pole which did not receive the sex chromosome as 
to that which did. I feel certain, therefore, that this chromosome 
bears no relation to the sex-determining chromosome. 
2a. Discussion 
What is the origin of the long chromosome? 
The partially constricted off distal portion of this long body 
(figs. 12-13) is probably a No. 1 chromosome and in synapsis 
it was possibly paired side to side with the opposite normal No. 1, 
leaving the remainder of the long chromosome, the proximal 
end, to extend beyond it (figs. Bi and B.). In the Tettigidae, 
as I have said above, side-to-side pairing in synapsis occurs 
during the bouquet stage. Following this period the chromo- 
somes of a pair separate from each other, beginning at the 
proximal ends. Remaining in contact at the distal ends, they con- 
tinue to rotate apart until the pair appears upon the first matu- 
ration spindle as a long rod frequently constricted in the middle 
(figs. 10, 12, 13 and figs. Ai to A;). That is exactly what has 
occurred in the case of this abnormal tetrad, but to the end of 
one of the No. 1 members is attached this extra 15 portion, 
which increases the length of this member to two and one-half 
times its normal dimension (figs. B; to Bs). Unfortunately no 
satisfactory prophase stages are present to show the behavior 
of this element in synapsis, but, judging from the constriction 
