INEQUALITIES IN HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES IZ 
get a similar result, which is also contrary to the facts in the case. 
The chromosomes, when they come out of the pairing process, 
are evidently of the same size they were on entering the process. 
The abnormal sized 24-valent No. 1 chromosome is of the same 
size in all the germ cells after the process as in the germ cells of 
the same individual before the process, and even in the body 
cells of another individual (fig. 11). The same may be said of its 
normal mate. No tags or projections were seen in any case 
to indicate that a new longitudinal plane of division had occurred. 
In both types of unequal tetrads we have very strong evi- 
dence that homologous chromosomes, on entering the side-to-side 
pairing process of synapsis, remain as distinct individuals, retain 
their identity throughout the period and come out of it with at 
least the same size they had on entering it. Each pairing chromo- 
some maintains its distinct individuality during this period. 
This is opposed to the ideas of Jannsens (’09) and Morgan 
(11) as expressed in the theory of the ‘chiasma type.’ In their 
theory they assume that homologous chromosomes in parasynap- 
sis twist about each other and fuse. On splitting, a plane passes 
down the fused body, regardless of the previous spiral fusion- 
plane, resulting in two daughter chromosomes which may not 
be identical with the two chromosomes which entered the process. 
Each new one may contain parts of both original chromosomes. 
If such had been the case, the separation or formation of a short 
and a long chromosome out of the fused chromosome (Bz; to Bs), 
with such regularity of size, etc., as we have shown, could not 
have occurred. Or, supposing that spiral twisting and fusion 
had occurred and that splitting again was limited to the larger 
end of the fused chromosome (figs. Gs to Gy), we should expect 
that the shorter member resulting (figs. B. to B;) would at least 
show fragments of the side of the long chromosome attached to 
its proximal point in those cases where the splitting plane did not 
coincide with the oJd plane of fusion between the short and long 
chromosomes. No such attached fragments were found. All 
short or normal No. 1 chromosomes in the metaphase and ana- 
phase of the first spermatocyte divisions were of uniform length 
