598 EDWARD PHELPS ALLIS, JR. 
Firbringer (’04) describes, in an embryo of Stage 48, a little 
cartilage that is said to lie above and anterior (oberhalb und 
oral) to the branchial skeleton and to come into contact, by its 
dorsal end, with the anterior portion of the auditory capsule. 
In younger stages it is said by Fiirbringer not to have this con- 
tact. Firbringer calls it the hyomandibula and says that he is 
convinced that it is the homologue of the cartilage so-named and 
described by Sewertzoff, notwithstanding that it is quite widely 
separated from the ceratohyal and hence does not connect that 
cartilage with the auditory capsule. He is undecided as to 
whether or not this so-called hyomandibula of embryos is the 
homologue of Huxley’s hyomandibula of the adult, and he 
adds that this latter cartilage in no way differs from a branchial 
ray, as Pollard (’94) had previously maintained. 
Krawetz (’10) says that the cartilages described by Sewert- 
zoff and Fiirbringer are totally different cartilages, for he finds 
them both in one and the same embryo. He retains the name 
hyomandibula for the cartilage described by Firbringer, and it 
will hereafter be referred to, in brackets, as the cartilage Ph. 
Krawetz says that in Stages 45/46 and 46/47 this cartilage (Ph) 
is found imbedded in a strand of connective tissue extending 
from the antero-ventral wall of the auditory capsule to the ‘pro- 
cessus palato-basalis quadrati,’ this process quite certainly being, 
as I have recently shown (Allis ’14 ¢), the processus basalis pala- 
toquadrati and not the processus palatobasalis. The hyosus- 
pensorial ligament is shown well developed in figures of embryos 
of these ages, but ,there is no ligamentous or connective tissue 
connection shown (figs. 10a, 18) between this hyosuspensorial 
ligament and the one in which the so-called hyomandibula (Ph) 
is said to be imbedded. This latter ligament thus has, at this 
stage, no relation to the hyal arch except in that it has imbedded 
in it the little cartilage (Ph) said by Krawetz to represent the 
hyomandibula. The hyomandibula (Ph) is said to lie ventral 
(internal) to the nervus hyomandibularis facialis, and it is shown, 
in the figures, lying ventro-lateral to the vena jugularis and 
dorso-lateral to the arteria carotis (lateral dorsal aorta). . 
In a slightly older embryo of Ceratodus, Stage 47, Krawetz 
says that a connective tissue strand appears, connecting his hyo- 
