CILIARY MECHANISMS OF LAMELLIBRANCHS 
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ANATOMY 
JAMES L. KELLOGG 
From the Department of Biology, Williams College 
SEVENTY-TWO FIGURES 
INTRODUCTION 
In 1900 the writer published a brief account of a complete 
ciliary mechanism for the removal of waste material from the 
bodies of lamellibranchs. This involved all ciliated parts of the 
mantle and visceral mass, certain tracts of the palps, and in one 
case, the gills. I believe this to have been the first published 
statement of the existence of such a mechanism, the fact of its 
presence in lamellibranths not previously having been known. 
Nearly two years (’01) later M. Stenta published a preliminary 
paper on backwardly directed currents seen in Pinna and some 
other forms and in 1902 a more detailed paper on the same 
subject in which a short review was given of the very meager 
literature relating to the ciliation of organs in the mantle chamber 
(except the gills, on which more has been written). M. Stenta 
describes in these papers not merely the mantle ciliation, but also 
mentions features of the ciliation of the gills, in several forms, 
and makes some reference to the functions of the palps, without, 
however, going into the matter fully. A complete account of the 
operation of ciliary mechanisms for the collection and ingestion 
of food, or of the disposal of objectionable matter, was not 
attempted. 
In 1903 the writer gave an account of the removal of waste 
_ material from the mantle chamber of Venus mercenaria. 
In 1910 I published a statement showing the palps to be the 
organs which determined whether gill collections should be 
carried to the mouth or sent to outgoing tracts, and describing 
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