o 



88 DA VISON. [Vol. XI. 



they were moved quite vigorously backward and forzvard, and 

 were not bent at the elbow or knee joijits. 



The muscles of the hind limbs are larger and more distinct 

 than the foregoing. On the ventral aspect are seen three 

 muscles. The large muscular mass arising from the ischio- 

 pubic symphysis and taking its course down the posterior side 

 of the limb to the phalanges appears in the reptilia as the ad- 

 ductor and gracilis muscles. Immediately beneath this mass 

 a radiate muscle arises from the ischio-pubic plate, and is 

 strongly inserted in the greater trochanter. The femoro- 

 caudal arises from the third and fourth caudal vertebrae, and 

 descends forward in two parts, one of which is inserted in the 

 upper part of the femur; the other joins with the semimem- 

 branosus extending down the posterior side of the leg to the 

 insertion into the phalanges. The ischio-caudal is a well devel- 

 oped muscle originating on the posterior margin of the ischium 

 and extending posteriorly to an insertion on the vertebrae of 

 the anterior third of the tail. The pubo-tibialis is a strong 

 adductor arising from the coelomic aspect of the ischio-pubic 

 plate and extending across the middle part of the femur down 

 the front side of the tibia to an insertion in the phalanges. 



The dorsal aspect of the hind limb presents two muscles. 

 The rectus femoris is a heavy muscle arising from the fascia 

 in the region of the ilium and extending to the distal part of 

 the femur, where it is attached, thence continuing to the apo- 

 neurosis of the foot. The ilio-peroneal arises from the ilium, 

 and extends to the distal bones of the leg. Thus it will be 

 seen that many of the muscles of this limb pass over two 

 joints, thereby indicating very restricted movements, if any, 

 in the knee joint. The phylogenetic significance of these facts 

 will be discussed later. 



Muscles of the Trnnk. 



The muscles of this region furnish a most intricate as well 

 as a most interesting study. This portion of Ajnphitwias 

 muscular system had not been described prior to my paper in 

 the Anatomischcr Atizcigcr of April, 1894. As was stated in 



