No. 3.] PERIPHERAL NERVES. 689 



(i) Electrical stimulation with induced current ati2ctm. S. C. of 

 peripheral ulnar just below peripheral wound excited muscular movements 

 and reflexes. 



(2) Stimulating the central ulnar, after cutting the nerve about 5 ctm. 

 above the central wound and after resecting the median, excited strong con- 

 tractions of muscles in ulnar region, at 24 ctm. S. C. 



(3) Direct stimulation of muscular branch to flex. carp. ul. at 12 ctm. 

 S. C, excited contraction of the muscle. 



(4) Very feeble movements of the digits were observed when the periph- 

 eral ulnar was stimulated at the wrist with strong induction shocks. 



(5) Cutting the central ulnar, peripheral ulnar, and muscular branch to 

 flex. carp. ul. with scissors, excited strong contraction of the muscles sup- 

 plied. 



Conclusion. — Nearly complete regeneration of peripheral portion of 

 resected nerve. 



The nerve was hardened in M tiller's fluid, and stained in anilin blue and 

 safranin. 



{d) Letievant's Flap Operation. 



In the following seven operations, the value of a nerve flap, as suggested 

 many years ago by Letievant, was tried as a method for uniting the widely 

 separated ends of a divided nerve. 



Experiments 42 and 43. — June 2, 1894. 



Black spaniel, f grm. morph. sulph. 



Operation. — (Exp. 42, left ulnar; 43, right ulnar.) The ulnar nerves 

 of the left and right sides were exposed, and in each case resected to the 

 extent of 5 ctm. The distance separating the central and peripheral stumps 

 of the ulnar was bridged by a nerve flap made from the central stump. To 

 make this flap the following steps were taken: a thin sharp knife was 

 passed through the substance of the central stump about X ctm. from its 

 end, the cutting edge pointing central-ward. Without removing the knife, 

 the incision was continued up the nerve trunk for a distance equaling in 

 length the space separating the ends of the resected nerve, care being taken 

 to bisect the nerve, as nearly as possible, into equal parts. Before 

 removing the knife, the upper end of one of the halves was severed from 

 the undivided central ulnar ; the flap so formed was then turned down, and 

 its free end stitched by means of a catgut suture to the central end of the 

 peripheral ulnar. The wound was then closed in the usual manner. 

 Examinatiofi. — June 7, 1894 (five days after operation). 



Electrical stimulation of the central ulnar, of flap, and of peripheral 

 ulnar excited no contraction of muscles supplied by nerves operated upon. 



The nerves were hardened in Flemming's solution, and stained in 

 safranin and licht griin. 



