38 GEORGE T. HARGITT 



have been found in such cells, and no doubt are present in these. 

 Their size, position, time and place of appearance, staining 

 reactions, all seem to distinguish them as extruded nuclear 

 material. They are present in young oocytes at the beginning 

 of growth, and sometimes in later growth stages. They appear, 

 in all cases, first, in the region of the nucleus, usually directly 

 against the nuclear membrane; their appearance is often corre- 

 lated with signs of activity within the nucleus and indications of 

 currents in the cytoplasm; they stain like chromatin. Within 

 the cytoplasm it is practically universal for them to lie within 

 vacuoles, while other granules are commonly not so situated. 

 In this latter respect they seem to produce a vacuolation or 

 liquefaction of the surrounding cytoplasm in the same manner as 

 Lillie ('02) described for chromatin particles which are free in 

 the cytoplasm. 



Jorgensen ('10) found a relation between egg growth and the 

 presence of chromatin particles in sponge eggs; Schaxel, an 

 emission of chromatin into the cytoplasm of coelenterates ('10 a, 

 '11a), Ascidia ('10 b), and echinoderms ('lib); and the acti- 

 vation of the cytoplasm upon the entrance of the chromatin. 

 Schaxel ('lie) finds the mitochondria (chondriosomes) present 

 in practically all cells at all times, while the extra nuclear chromatin 

 (chromidia) occurs only at certain times, performs certain func- 

 tions and disappears. He also recounts differences in appear- 

 ance and staining reactions of the two sorts of bodies. Tsuka- 

 guchi ('14), using Altmann's technique upon Aurelia eggs, 

 believes Schaxel to be in error, and considers all cytoplasmic 

 granules as mitochondria. But the behavior of the bodies he 

 investigated, especially their disappearance in later growth, is 

 not like the usual behavior of the mitochondria. 



Beckwith ('14) discusses the origin of the plasma structure of 

 one of the hydroid eggs, and observes basically staining bodies, 

 which she calls 'pseudochromatin-granules,' scattered through 

 the cytoplasm. She also observed a second plasma granulation, 

 "large drop-like masses which appear near the nuclear wall and 

 which are also probably not chromatin;" these also are stained 

 with nuclear dyes. Various stains were tried, and it was common 



