278 HACHIRO YUASA 



of the salivia. The lingula is the indefinite, but more chiti- 

 nized, area cephalad of each parahngua. The two Hngulae fuse 

 on the meson without indication of a suture, and their dorso- 

 caudal margin is thickened and constricts the parapharynx. 

 The greater part of each Hngula Hes cephalad of this constric- 

 tion instead of caudad of it as in the other genera. The para- 

 pharynx caudad of this constriction is decidedly elongated on 

 account of the increase in the size of the mandibles. The salivia 

 is uniformly chitinized and occupies the entire ventral half of 

 each caudo-lateral aspect and the greater part of the ventral 

 aspect of the hypopharynx. Its caudoventral angle is sharply 

 produced and the mesal portion extends caudad as a broad tube 

 and supports the salivos. The ventral surface cephalad of the 

 salivos is submembranous and convex. The salivary duct is 

 small and bifurcates immediately caudad of the salivos. The 

 oscula is narrow on the sides and membranous. The modifi- 

 cations of the mouth-parts due to the cephalization of the mouth 

 subsequent to the elongation of the head have produced the 

 peculiarities of the parapharynx noted above. 



In Gryllus (fig. 157) the parapharynx is large and linguiform. 

 The pharyngea is a distinct L-shaped sclerite on each caudo- 

 lateral aspect of the parapharynx. One arm of the L is vertical 

 and is produced into a thinner extension which extends caudad 

 along the lateral margin of the subgusta and, on reaching the 

 postpharynx, is bent dorsad and extends along its lateral wall; 

 A small, but distinct, chitinized pocket, immediately ventrad 

 of the horizpntal arm of the L, may be the homologue of the 

 cuticular pouch near the same position in Blatta. The para- 

 lingua is a brownish, subquadrate, non-setiferous sclerite cepha- 

 lad of each pharyngea. Its cephaloventral margin is thickened 

 and reflected slightly entad. Each lingula consists of two parts, 

 an ectal and an ental. The ental part is thick, short, strongly 

 chitinized and curved toward the meson. The sinistral arm is 

 slightly caudad of the dextral. The ectal part of each lingula is 

 convex, setiferous, triangular, and chitinized, and is subdivided 

 by a short suture-like furrow which defines the less chitinized 

 convex area on the dorsal side from the distinct larger area on 



