1 8 PAL/EOLITHIC MAN AT CRESWELL. 



deposit), were found implements of jasper of the rudest type, 

 massive tools, and irregularly-made scrapers, somewhat recalling 

 those of Moustier in character. The lowest deposits of the 

 cave were covered by a dark cave-earth under a stalagmitic 

 layer of some thickness ; this cave-earth contained, with numerous 

 bones of the Reindeer and Bison, a large number of imple- 

 ments; amongst these were flakes of jasper, together with 

 some beautifully-formed lance or arrow-heads, these latter being 

 of a type even more perfect than that of Solutre, and also a 

 few implements of bone. We see thus in this cave two very 

 distinct epochs of human civilization, but there is a great gap 

 between the rude forms of the earliest deposits and the highly 

 differentiated ones of the dark cave-earth ; this gap, which is 

 not bridged over in the Excideuil cave, seems to be in part 

 filled up by other explorations, made by M. Parrot on the 

 banks of the Vezere, in the caves of La Baloutie, and also in 

 the neighbourhood of S. Leon and La Rochette, where, besides 

 implements of the Moustier type, numerous scrapers of various 

 forms made of flint, and arrow-heads, chipped on one surface 

 only, were found, together with remains of the Reindeer and 

 Bison. These discoveries seemed to denote a period in art 

 intermediate between that of Moustier, S. Acheul, and that of 

 Solutre', and to show a clear passage upwards to the more 

 perfect forms of Solutre, Laugerie-Basse, and Excideuil. That 

 such a succession of periods in the advance of civilization 

 amongst the Pleistocene men really existed, has been placed 

 beyond question by the exploration of the Creswell caves, and 

 setting aside the more or less doubtful deductions drawn by 

 M. Broca from the discoveries of bones of man in Pleistocene 

 deposits, there can be no question that there were succeeding 

 races exhibiting a progressive civilization during the Pleistocene 

 age. 



To a certain extent the discoveries in Kent's-hole have pointed 

 in this direction, the implements found in the older breccia are 

 manifestly of a ruder type than those obtained from the more 

 recent cave-earth ; in form they assimilate to those from the 

 river deposits, whilst the implements from the cave-earth are 



