I'AI.KiJI.IIlIK MAN AT CRESWELL. 2 1 



by their floors, from the lowest bed, the red sand, up to the 

 top of the Breccia, in which fragments of the bones and the 

 teeth of the Reindeer, Horse, Hyaena, and Rhinoceros were found, 

 the only observable differen c was that the number of the 

 animals seems to have been fewer in the earliest 'deposits. It 

 has also been pointed out by Professor Dawkins, that the 

 Hyaenas were in far greater abundance during the period re- 

 presented by the accumulation of the cave earth and Breccia, 

 than they were during the time of the deposition of the Red 

 Sand. The animals which appear to have been most numerous 

 in the neighbourhood during the Pleistocene period, were the 

 Hyaena — of which no fewer than 928 bones were found in the 

 Robin Hood Cave alone, the Reindeer, the Rhinoceros, and 

 the Horse. The gnawed condition of a very large proportion 

 of the bones shows that the caves were used by the Hyaenas, 

 for dens during the absence of their human inhabitants ; the 

 bears and lions, as well as other Carnivora, would doubtless have 

 also occupied them at intervals, and the presence of that for- 

 midable animal the Machairodus, in Derbyshire and the adjoin- 

 ing counties, appears probable from the presence of one of its 

 teeth, the condition of which is perfectly similar to that of the 

 teeth of the other animals found in the caves. Hitherto, the 

 only traces of this animal in Great Britain have been found in 

 Kent's Hole, but it was abundant in France, where most of 

 its bones, as well as its teeth, have been discovered. With all 

 these animals during nearly the entire - period represented by 

 the Creswell Cave deposits, Man was in existence. His weapons 

 and tools have been found in each of the beds already de- 

 scribed ; and what is of chief importance is, that at Creswell, 

 we have the proof plainly before us of the successive occupa- 

 tion of the caves by men of very different degrees of civilization. 

 The implements found in the Red Sand and at the base of 

 the cave earth, differ in a remarkable-manner from those found 

 in the later deposits ; they are implements of the rudest possible 

 construction. The pebbles of the neighbourhood appear to 

 have been the only material he made use of, unless wooden or 

 bone implements of the same age have perished. The pebbles 



