42 DERBYSHIRE PLACE-NAMES. 



Butterley Car. — For the derivation of Butterley, see above. Several 



etymons may be proposed for the adjunct, — it may be the C. caer, car — a 



fortress, or the A.S. carr — a rock, or a provincial term signifying a swamp, 



marsh or pool, or a wood or grove on moist soil. 

 Buxton. — The prefix is from the A.S. buc, bucca — a buck, stag, or he-goat, 



but probably used here as a personal name. The postfix is from the A.S. 



tun — a town. Buck's town. 

 Caldwell, or Cauldwell,— (D.D.B. Caldewelle.)— A.S. ceald, cald— 



bleak, cold (A.S. col — cool, cold), and A.S. wyl, wil, vvyll, well — a well, 



or fountain ; — the cold well. 

 Calke Abbey. — A.S. cealc, calc — chalk, lime, stone ; — the stone abbey. 

 Callow. — (D.D.B. Caldelauue.) — The present name seems lobe a corruption 



of the Domesday spelling. The initial syllable is A.S. ceald, cald — bleak, 



cold, and A.S. hlaw, hlsew, low — a hill ; — the cold or bleak hill. 

 Calow. — The derivation is probably the same as Callow q.v., or possibly the 



initial syllable is from C. ca, cae — an inclosure or field. 

 Calver. — (D.D.B. Caluoure.) — A.S. cielf, cealf — a calf, and A.S. ofer — a 



bank ; — the calf's bank. 

 Cardiff Rocks. — The initial syllable of Cardiff may be from the C. 



caer, car — a fortress, or from the A.S. carr — a rock, a scar. The postfix 



is from the A.S. clif, clyf, cleof— a cliff, rock, steep descent. If the 



latter etymology of the prefix is correct, the adjunct is a tautologous 



appendage. 

 Carl or Carles "Wark, The. — This is a British fort near Hather- 



sage, constructed of stone and earth-work. The first element of the name 



is from A.S. ceorl — a freeman of the lowest rank, a countryman, a churl, 



a husbandman. The adjunct is N. wark — a building or fort. The churl 



or husbandman's building or fort. 

 Castle Gresley. — See Gresley, Castle. 

 Castleton. — A.S. castell — a castle, and A.S. tun — a town ; — the castle 



town. 

 Catton. — (D.D.B. Chetvn.) — The prefix is from the A.S. catt — a cat, also 



a personal name, probably here used as such. The postfix is from the 



A.S. tun — a town. Cat's town. 

 Cavendish-Bridge. — Stated by Davies in his "Derbyshire," to have 



been so named from its having been built by the Cavendish family, about 



1760. 

 Chaddesden. — (D.D.B. Cedesdene.) — A.S. Chad or Ceadda, and den — a 



Celto-Saxon root, or a Celtic word adopted by the Saxons, meaning a 



vale, hollow, or deep wooded valley, — the A.S. form being denu ; — St. 



Chad's, or Ceadda's valley. 

 Chapel-en-le-Frith. — The chapel in the wood. The etymology of Frith 



is, however, uncertain ; it is said by Camden and Leo, and by Williams, 



