DEVELOPMENT OF LI\ER AND PANCREAS 205 



2. There is a later shifting of the postei'ior part of the liver 

 to the right and dorsally, due to crowding of the stomach and 

 development of the duodenum on the left. 



3. A later growth on the left side results in an adult organ 

 with right and left parts, the right side always remaining more 

 dorsal on the lateral side of the stomach. 



4. The ductus choledochus develops as the early anteriorly 

 directed lumen from the gut. 



5. The right and left hepatic ducts develop as divisions of the 

 ductus choledochus and l:)y di\ision and growth form the he- 

 patic rami and branches. 



G. The gall-bladder begins as a median \'entral outpouching 

 of the posterior part of the liver-anlage. It is first widest later- 

 ally, then becomes larger in its cranio-caudal diameter, then its 

 dorso-\'entral and finally its longer axis is nearly transverse. 



7. There is an early right lateral shifting of the gall-bladder 

 as of the li\'er, due probably to the same causes. Along with 

 this there is a constant shifting of direction of the cystic duct in 

 keeping with the dorsalward migration of the gall-bladder. 



8. The cystic duct is early closed off with the right hepatic 

 and due to the caudalward growth and division of the hepatic 

 duct is finally attached to the lateral branch of this duct. 



9. The ventral pancreatic anlagen are \'entro-lateral evagi- 

 nations of the gut caudal to the cystic anlage. The dorsal pan- 

 creas — a single median dorsal evagination — forms the larger 

 portion of the early pancreas, later it is a narrow lobe dorsal 

 to the duodenum. 



10. The ventral pancreatic ducts are constrictions of the two 

 ventral ]:»ancreatic anlagen. Later these unite and form a single 

 ventral pancreatic duct which opens into the common bile-duct 

 or into the intestine at the side of the common bile-duct. The 

 dorsal duct remains a single stem with short lateral branches. 



11. There are two main parts or lobes in the adult Amblystoma 

 pancreas, a dorsal and a ventral, with one or more lesser pro- 

 jections from these. An anterior extension of the ventral lobe 

 is constant. 



