426 E. V. COWDRY 



apparatus. Duesberg ('10, p. 652) and I ('12, p. 497), among 

 others, have shown that they are two separate and distinct 

 substances. The wonder is that they could ever have been 

 confused for we have ample evidence that the chromidial sub- 

 stance (Nissl substance) is a nucleoprotein containing iron 

 (Scott '05, p. 507), formed at least in part through the activity 

 of the nucleus, and the mitochondria a phospholipin albumin 

 complex. In this connection, also, must be mentioned the 

 attempts of Bouin ('05, p. 917) and others to identify mitochon- 

 dria with the previously discovered 'ergastoplasme' (proto- 

 plasme superieur, kinoplasme, archoplasme, etc.). The term 

 'ergastidions' which Laguesse ('11, p. 276) used for some years 

 instead of mitochondria, and later abandoned, is a relic of this 

 tendency. Regaud and Mawas ('09, p. 229) have vigorously 

 combatted the view that the mitochondria and ergastoplasme 

 are identical and the justice of their arguments is apparent 

 when we remember that the terms of 'ergastoplasme' and 'chro- 

 midial substance' are usually applied to one and the same material 

 Another instance is that of the reticular apparatus of Golgi^ 

 which Hoven ('10, p. 479), Rina Monti ('15, p. 40) and others 

 believe to be, in some cases, identical with mitochondria. But 

 here the question is a far more complicated one, because it is 

 still impossible to define the reticular apparatus in any other 

 terms than in the appearance of cells fixed and stained by notori- 

 ously capricious methods of technique. The relation between 

 the two substances ca.nnot be profitably discussed before refine- 

 ments in technique are made and we learn more about the retic- 

 ular apparatus. 



CHEMISTRY 



It is an interesting and rather unusual occurrence, in the study 

 of mitochondria, for three independent lines of investigation to 

 yield similar results, yet Regaud ('08, p. 720), in the first place, 

 in the study of mammalian tissues; Faure-Fremiet ('10, p. 622), 

 who worked on protozoa; and the botanist, Lowschin ('13, p. 



* Synomyms: apparato reticolare interno, binnennetz (Kopsch), netzapparat. 

 saftkanalchen and trophospongium (Holmgren)? spiremes (Nelis)? conduit* 

 de Golgi-Holmgren (Cajal)? canalicular apparatus? etc. 



