Edward Anthony Spitzka a7 
Perhaps the greatest interest in anthropological encephalometry was 
stimulated by the case of the classical “ Hottentot Venus” (whose name 
was “Sartjee”), who died in Paris, and whose full-length portrait is 
now in the Museum of the Anthropological Society of that city. Ob- 
served during life by Cuvier, her skeleton and brain were preserved 
after death, to afford a valuable basis for the work of many investiga- 
tors. Tiedemann figured the brain in 1837, Gratiolet again in 1854, 
Bischoff in 1868. Two additional brains of Bushwomen were described 
by Marshall (1864) and Koch (1867). The interest in the brains of the 
lower races soon increased and observations began to accumulate. The 
reader can judge of this from a review of the appended bibliography. 
In regarding the number of observations made, as well as the import- 
ance of the results attained in more recent years, especial mention may 
be made of the work of Retzius, Cunningham, Sernoff, Weinberg, 
Manouvrier, Riidinger and A. J. Parker. 
It cannot be hoped, by the few examples of racial brains here pre- 
sented, to establish very significant facts concerning them, but the pur- 
pose of these Contributions is rather to add to those already described, 
with the hope of having still others added thereto. In time, a large 
number of specimens cannot fail to be amassed, and useful conclusions 
may then be derived. 
The present paper upon this subject is the first of a series comprising 
the following: 
1. Three Eskimo Brains, from Smith’s Sound. 
2. A Japanese Brain. 
3. Two Brains of Natives of British New Guinea (Papuans?). 
All of these brains are in the collection of Professor George S. 
Huntington’s Anatomical Laboratory, Columbia University. 
THREE ESKIMO BRAINS, FROM SMITH’S SOUND. 
GENERAL REMARKS. 
Though widely distributed over Arctic America, and though sub- 
divided into numerous tribes, the Eskimos differ but little in their 
dress, customs and utensils, and they form a remarkably homogeneous 
group of people. What is in the present instance of great consequence 
from the morphological view-point, so far as the surface-markings of 
the brain are concerned, is the almost complete isolation of the Ameri- 
can Eskimo from all other races. Trading is carried on almost ex- 
clusively among their own tribes, and the intimate marriage-relation of 
