Edward Anthony Spitzka 55 
3. Brain or “ Avia.” 
(See Figures 13 to 18.) 
The third specimen is that of a young girl, about 12 years old. Her 
mame is variously spelled “ Avia,” “ Ar-wee-ah” and “Aviag”’; it is 
pronounced as if spelled “ A-vee-ah.” She died in New York City on 
May 19, 1898, at 7 p. m., and was received at the Anatomical Labora- 
tory, Columbia University on May 21, at 12 m. When fresh, the brain 
weighed 1227 grammes. It was placed in a mixture of formal and 
alcohol. (This mixture probably consisted of equal parts of 50 per 
cent alcohol and 20 per cent formaldehyde solution.) Its weight on 
May 25, 1901, was as follows: 
Left hemicerebrum, 369 grammes; right hemicerebrum, 366 grammes; 
eerebellum, pons and oblongata, 135 grammes; total, 870 grammes. 
The loss in weight during a period of three years amounts to 357 
grammes, or 29 per cent of the original weight. 
THE CEREBRUM. 
This cerebrum is as well preserved and firm as that of “ Nooktah.” 
As is consistent with the youth of the subject, the external configura- 
tions are far simpler than exhibited in any of the brains here described. 
Viewed dorsally or ventrally, the outline is not so markedly hexagonal, 
the frontal lobes are less broad and more rounded off, and the cerebrum 
tapers caudad more sharply than do the other Eskimo brains. An 
asymmetry of the hemicerebral masses is noticeable; the right parieto- 
temporal region is fuller than the left, and the left subfrontal more 
massive than that of the right side. Further, the convexity of the left 
occipital lobe is fuller than that of the right. Viewed laterally, the 
dorsal curve of the cerebrum is more pronounced than that of either 
“ Atana” or “ Nooktah,” and the hemicerebral mass does not taper so 
markedly toward the occipital pole. Both insulz are exposed, the left 
more than the right. The callosum, whose length is 47.5 per cent of 
the total cerebral length, presents the same outline on cross-section as 
noted in the other brains. 
The slight curvature and higher dorsal situation of the calcarine- 
postealearine, noted especially in “ Atana,” is here likewise indicated. 
While differing in considerable degree from the other Eskimo brains 
in that its complexity of fissuration is much less, due doubtless to the 
subject’s youth, this brain must appear to the trained eye as presenting 
a very different configuration from what one is accustomed to see in 
the brains of whites. This “cerebral physiognomy ”—we may venture 
