66 Encephalic Anatomy of the Races 
GYRES OF THE TEMPORAL LOBE (LATERO-VENTRAL SURFACE).—The super- 
temporal and meditemporal gyres are much wider and far more massive 
than on the left. The subtemporal, however, is correspondingly reduced. 
As on the left, the subcollateral is wide in its middle portion, and the 
subealearine correspondingly narrow. The anastomosis between the 
oecipito-calearine and the collateral interrupts the latter gyre. 
Tue InsuLA.—The insula presents the same configuration as its fellow 
on the left, having the same number and arrangement of gyres. It is 
less exposed, however. 
Aside from certain peculiar variations of types too numerous to per- 
mit of detailed mention within the scope of this article—and perhaps 
based on too few observations—the natural grouping of the notable ap- 
pearances of these Eskimo brains determines the existence of prevailing 
typical differences which distinguish these from the brains of whites. 
It is difficult to describe this distinction in so many words and one is 
justified in employing the metaphoric term “ cerebral physiognomy ” to 
convey the idea. Were one to place any one of these Eskimo brains 
next to that of one of the Papuan brains, yet to be described, it would 
be—not a comparison—but a contrast of the clearest kind. The 
marked tendency in all these brains to transverse fissuration, numer- 
ous anastomoses in a transverse direction, with frequent interruption of 
some of the longitudinal fissures is a feature which even the pronounced 
dolichocephaly of little “ Avia’s” head was not able to efface. It is 
something more than skull-shape which has determined this and other 
distinguishing characteristics, borne out also by similar observations on 
Mongolian brains. In the Eskimo brains here studied such features 
are the different relative topography and boundaries of the cuneus, the 
exposition of the insula (“ Atana” and “ Avia”) and the preponderat- 
ing development of certain features upon the left and of others on the 
right side. The brain-form in general, too, is of typical kind, if one 
may judge from the small number of specimens available. The hith- 
erto popular notion that the typical Eskimo skull exhibits a low order 
of intelligence, and is characterized by a small brain-capacity has been 
generally refuted, and the fallacy of this idea becomes more apparent 
with the demonstration of so highly developed a brain as these speci- 
mens have shown the Eskimo to possess. 
