LOG The Cardiac Glands of Mammals 
Ellenberger, 88, was the first to recognize the importance of the car- 
diac glands as indicated by their great extent in the pig, and the first 
to dissent from Cobelli’s view that they are mucous glands. In his 
text-book he expresses the opinion that they are serous glands of a 
special kind, differing from both the fundus and the pyloric glands. 
This view is shared by Edelmann, 89, the author of the most import- 
ant contribution on the cardiac glands. Because of the importance of 
this work as containing the only comprehensive discussion of the car- 
diac glands, and because we owe to Edelmann most of our knowledge 
of the nature and distribution of these structures in mammals, it seems 
desirable to quote at some length his conclisions: 
“Im Magen der Siugethiere giebt es eine besondere Schleimhautregion 
mit belagzellfreien Driisen, welche sich durch ihre Lage und durch histolo- 
gische Eigenthtmlichkeiten von der Pylorusdriisenregion unterscheidet. 
‘“ Die Cardiadriuisenregion liegt entweder dort, wo die Schlundschleim- 
haut mit der Verdauungsschleimhaut des Magens Zusammenstosst, oder 
sie kleidet besondere Sacke aus oder liegt auch zum Theil isoliert in Vor- 
migen ganz von cutaner Schleimhaut umgeben... . 
“Eine Cardiadrtisenregion scheint bei den meisten Saugethieren vor- 
zukommen. Sie fehlt sicher bei den fleischfressenden Cetaceen und den 
Wiederkiuern. 
‘* Die Driisen der Cardiadriisenregion unterscheiden sich von der Fundus- 
dritisen nicht nur durch das Fehlen der Belagzellen, sondern auch von 
diesen und den Pylorusdriisen durch die Anordnung und den Verlauf der 
Tubuli und die Eigenthtimlichkeiten ihrer Driuisenepithelien.” 
This difference on which Edelmann lays much stress consists in the 
fact that the cardiac glands subdivide at the neck of the gland, are 
arranged in groups, and have not so tortuous a course as the pyloric 
glands. 
Edelmann’s conclusion that the glands are present in all Mammalia 
with the exception of the carnivorous Cetacea and the Ruminants, is 
opposed by Fleischmann, g1, who refers to their absence in three of 
the suborders of Rodentia, the Lagomorpha, Hystricomorpha and the 
Sciuromorpha, and concludes that they were certainly absent in the 
ancestral Rodents. 
Further research, however, tends to support Edelmann’s conclusions 
as to their wide distribution in mammals and as to the great extent of 
the mucous membrane which they may occupy. For example, the in- 
vestigations of Boas, go, Pilliet, 85, and Cordier, 93, on the structure of 
the camel’s stomach seem to indicate that the greater part of the cyl- 
indrical segment of the stomach in this animal is occupied by cardiac 
glands, and that the glands of the so-called water cells may properly be 
