R. R. Bensley 1a 
theory of Bizzozero, the surface epithelium and to some extent these 
peculiar neck cells and pyloric gland cells. Because of this relationship 
to the surface epithelium, which is undoubtedly muciparous, and _ be- 
cause of the fact that it stains readily with Mayer’s mucin stains and 
with certain other distinctive stains such as indulin, I regard the secre- 
tion of the neck chief cells and pyloric gland cells as of a mucous nature. 
The first section of this paper will be devoted to the extension of the 
same methods of research to the cardiac glands. ‘The second section 
will be devoted to a discussion of the phylogeny of the cardiac glands 
and of some points in the evolution of the complex forms of mammalian 
stomachs, with which, in the writer’s opinion, these glands are inti- 
mately connected. 
THE HISTOLOGY OF THE CARDIAC GLANDS. 
I. THe Carpiac GLANDS oF MAN. 
I have chosen the cardiac glands of man for preliminary description 
because of the importance of the structure of the human stomach from 
the physiological and pathological standpoimt and because of the fact 
that an opportunity, like that which I have fortunately: met, so rarely 
presents itself of securing the normal gastric mucous membrane of man 
in a good state of preservation. The cardiac glands of man also illus- 
trate very well the points which I regard as of histological and phylo- 
genetic importance. My material was secured at a necropsy on the 
body of an executed criminal, a young man of about thirty years of age, 
at which I was enabled to be present through the kindness of Professor 
A. Primrose. Pieces of the mucous membrane of the cardiac orifice and 
from the important regions of the stomach were fixed in alcoholic 
bichromate sublimate and in absolute alcohol. The whole of the re- 
gions surrounding the cardiac and pyloric orifices were similarly fixed 
in the bichromate sublimate mixture and the rest of the stomach then 
preserved in seventy per cent alcohol for topographical study. On 
examination, all of this material proved to be in an excellent state of 
preservation although the superficial epithelium was lost in some places 
and somewhat altered in others. The necropsy occurred about forty- 
five minutes after death. 
The cardiac glands of man have been recently the subject of a very 
careful research by Schaffer, 98, whose descriptions, in so far as they 
are concerned with the topography and general structure of the glands 
leave little to be desired. According to Schaffer the cardiac gland 
zone begins from one-half to four mm. above the termination of the 
cesophageal epithelium, and extends a distance into the stomach which 
