122 The Cardiac Glands of Mammals 
The transition from the cardiac gland zone to the fundus region is a 
gradual one. As the fundus region is approached chief cells and parietal 
cells begin to be of frequent occurrence in the deep ends of the glands. 
These gradually increase in number and occupy more and more of the 
gland until all but the neck and foveola is formed by them. The change 
takes place thus by a reduction in number of the mucous cardiac gland 
cells and a substitution for them of chief cells and parietal cells in the 
body of the fundus gland. ‘This transition, as well as the relationship 
of the cardiac gland cells to the epithelium of the gastric foveole 
strongly suggests a relationship of the cardiac gland cells to the mucous 
chief cells of the neck of the fundus glands and the pyloric gland cells 
which I have shown to be closely related (see also Cade, 1900). On ex- 
amination, it is found that they closely resemble both of these elements 
without being actually identical with either. The neck chief cells and 
pyloric gland cells stain more intensely in mucicarmine and muchema- 
tein than the cardiac gland cells; the cells are more completely filled 
with secretion and more uniform in this respect in the fundus and 
pyloric glands. In the cardiac glands, on the other hand, the cells vary 
within wide limits as to their degree of physiological loading, but as a 
rule exhibit a proximal protoplasmic zone of some extent. Still, if one 
compares the more loaded and deeply-staining cardiac gland cells with 
the cells from the two other sources, the distinction disappears com- 
pletely. 
In one of his cases, Schaffer made an observation which is of con- 
siderable interest 1f it should prove to be well founded and the clear- 
ness of his figures and the confirmations recently furnished by Hari, o1, 
and Boekelmann, 02, leave little room for doubt. He found among the 
usual crypts certain others in which well-defined goblet cells could be 
recognized among the usual cylindrical mucous cells. He also saw 
cylindrical cells with a well-defined striated cuticle with basal granules 
and all stages of transition between the latter and mucin-forming gas- 
tric epithelial cells. This suggests the possibility, in which, however, 
Schaffer does not concur, that the resting epithelial cells of the stomach 
are morphologically identical with the cells of the intestinal epithelium. 
Schaffer rather prefers to regard the gastric epithelium as specific and 
the cell types described as dislocated intestinal epithelium. It is diffi- 
cult to comprehend how this developmental feat could have been accom- 
plished and the mere presence of a striated cuticle is not in itself suffi- 
cient to stamp an epithelial cell as intestinal in nature. I have not 
found any such cells in my preparations, but I have seen some structures 
which could be readily mistaken for a striated cuticle. The gastric 
