126 The Cardiae Glands of Mammals 
gradual disappearance of the granules as the internal mass of mucigen 
increases in size points to the probability that the latter is to some ex- 
tent formed at the expense of the substance of which the granules are 
composed. Similar granules have been observed after fixation in subli- 
mate solutions, by Carlier, 99, in the epithelial cells of the stomach of 
Triton, and I have myself observed them in many of the mucous cells 
of the stomachs of different vertebrates, more particularly in the 
actively dividing cells at the bottom of the foveole. As to their nature, 
the researches of Krause, 95, on the retrolingual gland of Erinaceus 
seem to be conclusive. He found that at a certain stage of secretion 
the cells contained no mucin but, in sublimate specimens, were studded 
with minute rubinophilous granules. These granules were not visible 
in the fresh salivary gland and their presence was explained by the 
assumption that the cell juice, preparatory to secretion was rich in dis- 
solved proteids and that these were precipitated in the granular form 
by the corrosive sublimate employed for fixation. 
The narrow tortuous upper portion of the gland in the young pig is 
entirely composed of cells of this type, exhibiting in such preparations 
a proximal protoplasmic clear zone containing the spherical nucleus, 
and a distal zone filled with granules of precipitated proteid. The ex- 
panded lower end of the gland is formed of small cubical cells with 
nearly spherical nuclei (Fig. 8A). The protoplasm of these cells is 
similar to that of the proximal zone of the cells last described, and may 
be quite devoid of rubinophilous granules, although a few may usually 
be seen along the lumen. 
Examined for masked iron by Macallum’s method, the protoplasm of 
these cells gives a very feeble reaction, indicating that prozymogen is 
present only in traces. Treated with muchematein or mucicarmine 
solution, the cells of the lower expanded extremities of the glands of 
the young pig like those cells which contain numerous rubinophile 
granules, either remain unstained or show a faintly-stained distal mar- 
gin as in Fig. 8A, although the cells of pyloric glands of the same 
animal are filled with mucin in the various stages of its elaboration, and 
stain intensely in the solutions mentioned. There is thus at this stage 
apparently very little ground for assuming any relationship between the 
cardiac and pyloric glands. 
The examination of the cardiac glands of the adult animal, however, 
shows that the failure of the muchematein test in the young pig is but 
an example of delayed and imperfect functional activity. 
In the adult animal the cells of the duct and free surface are much 
of the same character as those of the young pig, and the same gradual 
