140 The Cardiac Glands of Mammals 
camel (Fig. 14, B) has been the subject of histological and anatomical 
study by Pilliet, 85, Boas, 90, and Cordier, 90, whose results harmonize 
as regards points of fact although the two latter authors differ as to 
their interpretation of the homologies of the various regions:  Pilliet 
had pointed out that the so-called water cells of the rumen of the 
camel were lined by a simple epithelium through which glands open. 
This observation is confirmed by Boas and Cordier, the former of whom 
regarded them as the remains of the glands which at one time occu- 
pied all the mucous membrane of the 
rumen. Cordier is the most precise as to 
the nature of these glands which he de- 
scribes as follows: “Les glandes décou- 
vertes par Brandt étudiées histologique- 
ment par Pilliet, qui tapissent le fond et 
les parois latérales des poches, sont trés 
courtes, puisque déja cette region de la 
paroi est fort mince. Elles no sont point 
pourvues de cellules bordantes, et nous ne 
savons rien sur la nature de leur sécrétion. 
It est probable cependant que cette der- 
niére est simplement muqueuse, et il con- 
vient peutétre d’assimiler ces regions glan- 
dulaires a celles apparement de méme na- 
ture, qui avoisinent l’cesophage chez beau- 
coup d’animaux monogastriques et étu- 
diées dans la série des Mammiferes par 
Edelmann.” In brief, he regards the 
glands of the water cell in the camel as 
cardiac glands. 
Fig. 13. Stomachs of: A, Sus 
(from Oppel, after Greenwood); B, TAS ; ake : = ~ 
Dicotyles (fom Oppel atter Rael: The gt eater portion of cylindrical 
mann): - glandular division of the camel’s stomach 
appears to be occupied by cardiac glands. The mucous membrane of 
the region is described by Boas as exhibiting marked longitudinal folds, 
comparable to those of the psalterium of other ruminants. It contains 
close-set and extremely short gland tubules which Cordier states to be 
identical with the glands of water-cells. The distal one-sixth of the 
mucous membrane is occupied by the usual fundus and pyloric glands. 
In the Edentata the stomach assumes several peculiar and interest- 
ing forms. The nearest appreach to-the simple form of stomach that 
is usual to mammals is presented by Dasypus (Fig. 15, A), Myrmecephaga 
and allied genera in which the stomach is lined throughout by a simple 
