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Proceedings of the Association of American Anatomists IIL 
result may be obtained with perfect certainty in the glands of Brunner 
of a large number of mammals. A similar positive result may be ob- 
tained with Mayer’s mucicarmine by using the undiluted freshly pre- 
pared stock solution. Photographs were exhibited illustrating the 
results of these methods in the glands of Brunner of the human subject. 
The question of the similarity of the glands of Brunner and the 
pyloric glands was discussed from the standpoint of the relative spec- 
ialization of the stomach. It was pointed out that this similarity was 
greatest in those animals, e. g., Carnivora, Insectivora, etc., in which 
the stomach is primitive, and that specialization of the stomach is ac- 
companied by increase in the differences between the two groups of 
glands. 
An account was given of the pecuhar condition in the Virginian opos- 
sum, in which the ducts of the glands open on defects of the mucous 
membrane of the intestine, where the villi and glands of Lieberktithn 
are wanting and the epithelium is of the gastric type. 
Finally the changes in the glandular cells due to physiological ac- 
tivity were described and compared with those observed by Maximow, 
Krause, and others in mucous glands from other sources. 
THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SPECIFIC ELEMENTS OF THE GAS- 
TRIC GLANDS OF THE PIG. By Rospert R. BENSLEY. Hull Labora- 
tory of Anatomy, University of Chicago. 
It is possible by the use of the more discriminative staining methods, 
devised in recent years, to demonstrate the exact time of appearance 
of the several kinds of glandular elements of the gastric glands. The 
appearance of zymogen granules may be demonstrated by the neutral 
gentian method devised by the writer, that of mucous secretion, by the 
muchaematein solution of Mayer, as modified by the writer, and that 
of the parietal cells, by the strong stain certain of their cytoplasmic 
elements take in iron alum haematoxylin, as demonstrated by Zimmer- 
mann. ‘The hypoblast of the pyloric region and of the lesser curvature 
distal to the cardiac orifice is the first to exhibit secretory activity, all 
the cells of the region exhibiting in a 6 em. pig a well defined mucigenous 
border stainable in muchaematein. As in lower vertebrates the pyloric 
glands develop from an element which is already a mucin secreting 
cell. The parietal cells may be distinguished as early as 7.5 cm. pigs 
and show almost from their inception distinct intracellular ductules 
which develop apparently as enfoldings of the surface of the cell. These 
ductules are therefore actually portions of the free surface of the cell 
and not merely channels excavated in the cell by the outflowing secre- 
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