354 Some Racial Pecuharities of the Negro Brain 
that time I have examined about one hundred additional brains, making 
in all one hundred and fifty-two, of which one hundred and three are 
from American Negroes and forty-nine are from American Caucasians. 
The work was undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. Mall, as a result of 
information by Dr. Hrdlicka, of the U. S. National Museum, that racial 
differences exist in the Negro brain. Dr. Hrdlicka had observed par- 
ticularly that the brain of the full-blood Negro has relatively small 
volume and straighter lines anteriorly to the central fissure, the sides of 
the Caucasian brain over the same area showing, even in dolichocephals, 
more mass and arching. I wish here to express my hearty appreciation 
for the interest Dr. Hrdlicka has displayed in my work since its incep- 
tion and for his generosity in allowing me to make this study. Most of | 
the brains studied are from the collection at the Anatomical Laboratory 
of the Johns Hopkins University and were placed at my disposal by Dr. 
Mall who has also controlled the measurements taken. Some of the 
specimens were obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Page from the 
Baltimore City Alms House, and some from Dr. W. G. MacCallum, of 
the Pathological Department of the University 
In order to make more exact measurements and comparisons of the 
brain it is necessary to determine the more fixed points, from which to 
measure the more variable, and at the suggestion of Dr. Mall the follow- 
ing arbitrary line was passed through the brain as an axis, and its mid- 
point naturally becomes the brain center. The details regarding these will 
be discussed later on (p. 404). At this point I wish to state that the axis 
passes between the hemispheres through the brain stem, passing just 
above the anterior commissure and just below the splenium (Fig. 2a). 
The axis usually measures the greatest length of the brain. The position 
of the brain center is in the middle of the axis and varies but slightly in 
different specimens. It is seen that the surface of the brain can be 
measured in great part by extending radii from the center to the surface 
which may also be marked in degrees,— of latitude and longitude.” 
The outlines of the brain are generally given in sagittal section (0°), in 
transverse section (90°, right or left), and by rotating the brain on this 
axis to a point midway between these two (45°, right or left). “ Ante- 
rior” has not been separated from “ posterior,” but the numbers from 
0° to 180° are used rather than an “equator ” with 0° to 90° for the 
anterior half of the brain and 90° to 0° for the posterior half. 
The first table (Table I) gives a list of the brains from which drawings 
and measurements were made. The brains are arranged in eight groups, 
owing to the different methods used in their preservation. 
