dis) 
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CO 
Some Racial Peculiarities of the Negro Brain 
tion. ‘The cortex may be divided into three grand areas representing the 
sequence in development. First the primary sensory areas develop, repre- 
senting the area for smell in the lamina perforata anterior and extending 
through the septum pellucidum and the fornix to the uncus and cornu 
ammonis; the area for touch and muscle sense, and the motor area, in 
the gyrus centralis posterior and anterior, and the gyrus frontalis su- 
perior, the sequence for the types of fibers for this area being sensory, 
motor, callosal, horizontal and arcuate, and association bands; the area 
for sight around the fissura calcarina, the gyrus descendens and the oc- 
cipital pole; the area for taste possibly just posterior to the splenium and 
connected with the subiculum cornu ammonis; and the area for hearing 
in the gyrus temporalis superior. Next there develop several centers of 
unknown meaning in the cuneus, the anterior extremity of the temporal 
lobe, the posterior extremity of the gyrus frontalis inferior, the gyrus 
subangularis and suprangularis, their positions being near the primary 
sense areas but not touching them. 
All the areas so far mentioned develop before birth, except the gyrus 
superangularis, while the remaining areas develop after birth. They 
make up the third grand division composed of the three association cen- 
ters, anterior, posterior and temporal, and include the border zones to 
the areas already developed, these having short fibers, and the terminal 
or central zones of the association centers with long fibers. The central 
zones are the last to develop. The anterior association center is in close 
relation to the areas representing the body, and in slight relation to the 
olfactory area, while the others are in close relation to the areas of 
special sense. In his earlier works Flechsig * determined that lesions of 
the anterior association center caused alteration, or loss, of ideas regard- 
ing personality, the ego, the relations of self subjectively and objectively ; 
a diminution in capacity. for ethical and xsthetic judgment: a loss of 
self-control, of the powers of inhibition, of will power; and in fact all 
the symptoms which Bianchi observed on higher apes in which the fore 
brain on both sides had been extirpated. In simple lesions or in the 
early stages of the lesion, when the person is “ subjected to unaccustomed 
stimuli, especially to sexual excitement, anger, or vexation, he may lose 
al] control of his movements and acts, so that simple influence may lead 
him to try to satisfy his desires without any regard to custom or good 
taste. In later stages of the disease imbecility may appear, with entire 
loss of the mental pictures regarding his personality ” (Barker*). The 
individual may distort his own personality, and be unable to distinguish 
the imagined from the real; thus he may think himself of enormous dig- 
nity, of great importance, or that he is possessed of great wealth, or that 
