Robert Bennett Bean 379 
he is a genius. Lesions of the posterior association center do not present 
so clear a picture, and naturally so because of its more intimate connec- 
tion with the special senses. It is generally understood that the posterior 
association center is objective, while the anterior is subjective, the one 
representing the powers of conception in the concrete, the other, the 
powers of thought in the abstract. The relative differences found in the 
association centers of the two races is suggestive in relation to the known 
characteristics of the two, in view of Flechsig’s work. The Caucasian is 
subjective, the Negro objective. The Caucasian—more particularly the 
Anglo-Saxon, which was derived from the Primitives of Europe, is dom- 
inant and domineering, and possessed primarily with determination, 
will power, self-control, self-government, and all the attributes of 
the subjective self, with a high developmeat of the ethical and wsthetic 
faculties. The Negro is in direct contrast by reason of a certain lack of 
these powers, and a great development of the objective qualities. The 
Negro is primarily affectionate, immensely emotional, then sensual and 
under stimulation passionate. There is love of ostentation, of outward 
show, of approbation; there is love of music, and capacity for melodious 
articulation ; there is undeveloped artistic power and taste—Negroes make 
good artisans, handicraftsmen—and there is instability of character in- 
cident to lack of self-control, especially in connection with the sexual 
relation; and there is lack of ortentation, or recognition of position and 
condition of self and environment, evidenced by a peculiar bumptious- 
ness, so called, that is particularly noticeable. One would naturally ex- 
pect some such character for the Negro, because the whole 
posterior part of the brain is large, and the whole anterior portion 
small, this being especially true in regard to the anterior and posterior 
association centers. Flechsig’s work favors the conclusion that the gyrus 
rectus may have a definite relation to smell, and the gyrus frontalis su- 
perior to muscle, and as both of these gyri are well developed in the 
Negro, and the motor area and Broca’s convolution also being large, the 
presumption is that the anterior association center is exceedingly small 
in the Negro. The findings in regard to the relative size of the anterior 
and posterior portions of the Negro brain correspond to those of Broca* 
on the Negro cranium. His conclusions are as follows: 
1. That the face of the Negro occupies the greater portion of the total 
length of the head. 
2. That his anterior cranium is less developed than his posterior, rela- 
tively to that of the white. 
3. That his occipital foramen is situated more backwards in relation 
to the total projection of the head, but more forward in relation to the 
