380 Some Racial Peculiarities of the Negro Brain 
cranium only. Topinard™ corroborates these statements, and concludes 
that the Negro has the cerebral cranium less developed than the white, 
but its posterior portion is more developed than the anterior. It falls 
within the occipital races of Gratiolet *~* and the Caucasian in his frontal 
races. Barnard Davis“ demonstrated practically the same in relation 
to the radii from the external auditory meatus to the three regions of the 
skull, frontal, parietal and occipital. The white and the black races are 
evidently opposites in cardinal points. The one is subjective, the other 
objective; the one frontal, the other occipital or parietal; the one a great 
reasoner, the other emotional; the one domineering, but having great 
self-control, the other meek and submissive, but violent and lacking self- 
control, especially when the passions are aroused, or any sudden danger 
appears; the one a greyhound, the other a bulldog. 
Spitzka “ emphasizes the differences of the two parts of the brain, an- 
terior and posterior, in comparing the brains of Prof. Joseph Leidy, Maj. 
J. W. Powell and Prof. Cope, by contrasting the characteristics of these 
eminent men, and in so doing corroborates Flechsig’s work and lends 
plausibility to the generalizations given above. 
Wagner ““™ gives some interesting figures in relation to the relative 
size of the various lobes in man and the ourang-outang which may be 
appropriately presented here. 
Man. Ourang. 
OT OMEADU LOWES e-cpsi cera ocereraceno onsen eevee Tense ere eae ac sence nec ah els 43.6 36.8 
ipanrictaleands Occipital Mlohbesmeasces sae seem cere eeols 34.6 43.6 
The Negro evidently stands in an intermediate position in this rela- 
tion, which becomes more evident when the areas anterior and posterior 
to the fissure of Rolando are considered. 
SuLcus CENTRALIS. FISSURE OF ROLANDO. 
The racial difference found in the lobes of the brain and in the associa- 
tion centers is also observable in the position of the sulcus centralis and 
the relation of the amount of brain matter anterior and posterior to it. 
The position of the fissure is practically the same in the two races in rela- 
tion to the brain axis and the brain center, but the amount of brain mat- 
ter anterior to the fissure is less in the Negro, while the amount posterior 
to it is more than is to be found in the Caucasian. The inferior end, cen- 
tral part, and superior end of the fissure of Rolando are located on the 
brain outlines of sixty-three brains, in degrees from the anterior end of 
the brain axis, as in other measurements, with the radii extending from 
the brain center. The superior terminal point of the fissure is also lo- 
