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5AMES ROLLIN SLONAKER 



The muscles which move the Hds may be classed under two 

 groups: 1) the levator palpebrae superioris and depressor pal- 

 pebrae inferioris, which function in opening the eye; 2) The 

 orbicularis palpebrarum, which closes the lids. 



Fig. 5 Left eye of the sparrow with the lowet" lid dissected loose and turned 

 down to show the opening of Harder's gland (H) beneath the nictitating mem- 

 brane (N) and the attachment of the tendon (T) which moves the membrane. 

 Ml, margin of lid; cj, conjunctiva; L, lachrymal gland; p, pigment portion of the 

 nictitating membrane (shaded portion); Ta, outline of tarsus. X 8. 



The superior and inferior palpebral muscles have their origins 

 at the posterior part of the eye socket just back of the region of 

 the origin of the rectus muscles. From this place they extend 

 outward around the eye, above and below respectively, to their 



