392 JAMES ROLLIN SLONAKER 



constriction of the pupil. Stimulation of the ophthabnic 

 nerve causes dilation of the pupil. His final conclusion is: 

 ''The ciliary ganglion of birds is not cerebrospinal, nor, strictly 

 speaking, sjTiipathetic. It appears to be a "purely motor gan- 

 glion, with peculiar histological characters, belonging to the mid- 

 brain and bulbar subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system." 



Lenhossek found the ciliary ganglion joined to the third 

 nerve by a short branch. He describes two branches of unequal 

 size leaving the distal side of the ganglion. The smaller branch 

 runs directly to the eyeball and the larger is joined by a branch 

 from the ophthalmic nerve. He also describes the branch from 

 the ophthalmic as dividing into two parts. One of these div- 

 sions goes directly to the eyeball and forms the long ciliary 

 nerves. The other division joins the large branch from the 

 cihary ganglion. 



In my dissection of the sparrow I have not been able to find 

 such a division in this ophthalmic branch; but, owing to the 

 very small size of this branch, I may have overlooked it. It 

 appears to run undivided to join one of the branches from the 

 distal side of the ciliary ganglion. Also, the nerve formed by 

 the union of the nerve from the ciliary ganglion and the ophthal- 

 mic branch gives rise to the long ciliary nerves and one short 

 ciliary nerve. The arrangement in the hen is therefore quite 

 different from what I find in the sparrow. 



The fifth nerve, or trigeminus, after giving off the ophthalmic 

 runs outward and forward. *It soon divides into two branches 

 of unequal size. The larger and ventral division, the inferior 

 maxilary, runs directly to the lower mandible. The smaller 

 or dorsal branch, the superior maxillary, extends upward and 

 outward to the region of the lacrimal gland (fig. 27), where it 

 divides into two branches, a superior (supra-orbital or frontal, 

 so) and an inferior branch (infra-orbital, io). 



The supra-orbital nerve runs upward over the eye at the edge 

 of the orbit just beneath the skin to which it gives numerous 

 branches. On the dorsal side of the eye it divides into two 

 branches, one passing into the orbit and the other running for- 

 ward to leave the orbit at the upper anterior portion. 



