CRANIAL NERVES OF CAECILIANS 493 



vagus are not complete, showing apparently only post-trematic 

 elements. The main part of the tenth nerve is directed poste- 

 riorly, but divides into an anterior recurrent branch [ramus laryn- 

 geus recurrens] and a posterior division [intestinalis]. Of the 

 lateral line nerves of the trunk he finds four representatives run- 

 ning superficially: a dorsal lateralis superior, two laterales medi- 

 ales, and a ventral lateralis inferior. These he homologizes with 

 the lateral line nerves in the salamander. Arising from the 

 third spinal nerve and extending posteriorly is a nerve which he 

 terms lateralis profundus. He derives the hypobranchial (hypo- 

 glossal) from the first and second spinal nerves. He finds a 

 spino-occipital present. The sympathetic ganglia come, not 

 from the spinal gan^ia, but from the neural crest. He figures 

 two sympathetic ganglia: an anterior cervical near the posterior 

 vagus ganglion and a second farther posteriorly at a level be- 

 tween the third and fourth spinal nerves. 



The contributions of Luther ('14) to a clarification of homolo- 

 gies in amphibian anatomy have only an indirect bearing upon a 

 consideration of the cranial nerves in caecilians, but the writers 

 must acknowledge great indebtedness to this author for his con- 

 vincing statements regarding the homologies of the muscles 

 innervated by the fifth nerve in the caecilians. 



MATERIAL AND METHODS 



This paper is based upon the study of adults of Herpele ochro- 

 cephalum, collected for the writers in Ancon, Panama. The ma- 

 terial was fixed and preserved in 10 per cent formaUn. Subse- 

 quently when it came into the hands of the writers it was treated 

 with the vom Rath picro-acetic-osmic-platinic mixture in the way 

 usually employed for fresh material. Serial sections of the head 

 were prepared by the celloidin method. 



To the kindness and generosity of Dr. S. T. Darling, of the 

 Canal Zone Board of Health Laboratory, more recently of the 

 International Health Conmiission, the writers are indebted for 

 the specimens of Herpele. As specimens of this form had been 

 sent by Dr. Darling to Dr. L. Stejneger, of the National Museum, 

 for identification, it may be assumed that the specific name is 



