CEANIAL NERVES OF CAECILIANS 533. 



together (fig, 34, ggl. + g.Xtr.). The occipital nerve (ocn.) runs 

 across and through the posterior border of the root ganghon of 

 the vagus in such a way as to give an appearance of a sixth root 

 (figs. 32, 44. 



In the single specimen of Dennophis examined there were nine 

 rootlets in the IX-X complex. Six of these unite to form the 

 larger dorsal vagal root, and from the other three comes the 

 smaller ventral glossopharyngeal root (fig. 36). On one side of 

 the specimen the ninth and tenth ganglia are not in contact. 

 The smaller root enters an anterior ganglion (ggl.) and the larger 

 root a posterior one (gv.). There is but one ganglion (an elongate 

 one) on the root of the vagus in Dermophis, evidently repre- 

 senting a fusion of the root and trunk ganglia in Herpele. The 

 occipital nerve passes around the posterior border of the vagal 

 ganglion without contact with it. From the glossopharyngeal 

 ganglion a nerve passes (figs. 31, 36, anasl.IX + sy.) into the 

 sympathetic ganglion. 



Fischer figures and describes ('43, p. 42, pi. Ill, fig. 2) in 

 Siphonops a nerve passing from the vagus into the great sympa- 

 thetic ganglion. Wiedersheim ('79, pi. VII, fig. 80) shows in 

 Ichthyophis a nerve passing from the vagus into the sympathetic 

 trunk. Waldschmidt ('87, pi. XXXI, fig. 32) evidently saw a 

 similar structure. In Herpele we were unable to find any such 

 anastomoses between the vagus (or glossopharyngeus) and the 

 sympathetic. In Dermophis there are two anastomoses between 

 the ninth and tenth ganglia, one of which appears to be related to 

 the sympathetic anastomosis above mentioned, that is, this 

 anastomosis may be partly or wholly from the vagus ganglion, 

 instead of from the glossopharyngeal. 



In the larva of Ichthyophis (fig. 35) the IX-X nerve roots are 

 indistinguishably commingled as they pass through the cranial 

 wall. A small anterior ventral vagus ganglion, situated at the 

 point where the two nerves diverge, is distinct from the more 

 elongate dorsal glossopharyngeal ganglion. Both ganglia are 

 apparently \dsceral sensory exclusively. On the vagus trunk 

 is a third ganglion, evidently corresponding to the trunk vagal 

 ganglion in Herpele. In Ichthyophis, however, there are two 



