78 PLACE AND FIELD NAMES OF DERBYSHIRE. 
Wiccon Lea (Shottle), and Wiccin Dae (Bakewell) are 
derived from zwéce, wican, the mountain ash. This tree is still 
occasionally called by the name of “ Wiggen” in the north of 
Derbyshire, in Yorkshire, and the Lake district. ‘lhe wood of 
this tree was considered an infallible spell against witchcraft. 
Many of the small farmers in Westmoreland are, even now, in 
the habit of having the churn staff made of wiggen wood to 
prevent the butter from spoiling ; they also make use of the same 
material for the handles of all implements employed about the 
horses or cattle, in order to ward off the “evil eye.” * 
From /zzd, the linden, or lime-tree, we find LinDEN HILL, near 
Crich. The Anglo-Saxons used the wood of this tree for their 
shields or bucklers. 
Limton seems to be the only instance of the elm being used 
in the nomenclature of the county. Though now so common in 
our hedgerows and elsewhere, the elm is not indigenous to 
England, and was introduced by the Romans. This was also the 
case with the various species of the poplar.t Of these the aspen, 
@ps, is found in AsprnsHaw (Glossop), also under the form Esps 
(T. C. Calow), and as AspLanp, AspcroFtT, &c., in the maps of 
Hazelwood, Ilkeston, and Stanley, and in those of various other 
parishes. 
The Cymric gy//, the hazel, is found in GILTHWAITE, GILFORD, 
GILLFIELD (T. C. Dore), and Giticrorr (T. C. Stretton). 
Another Celtic word of a similar meaning, col/en, may 
perhaps give the etymology of CoLticrorr (T. C. Edlaston). 
HAZELBOROUGH, HAzELWoOD, HAZELFORD, HAZELBADGE, and 
HAZELHURST (2), speak for themselves ; whilst HasLam and 
Hassop have the same prefix in a contracted form. As early as 
the times of Agricola the wood of this tree was famous as being 
suitable for the divining rod. The bagnette or divining rod was 
used for the discovery of valuable metals and water. -Of this 
* Hone, Table Book, p. 337. 
+ Whitaker, Hist. of Manchester, vol. ii, p. 48. 
