PLACE AND FIELD NAMES OF DERBYSHIRE. 83 
According to Whitaker, the Romans did good service to 
this island by the fruits which they introduced. We are 
indebted to them for the pear, damson, cherry, peach, apricot, 
and quince. ‘The first of these, the pear, feru, is found in 
_ Prrryroor (Glossop), and perhaps in Purpy farm (Heanor). 
On the left-hand bank of the Derwent, just beyond Milford, we 
find some fields still bearing the name of the VINEYARDS. The 
_ grape vine was at one time largely cultivated in England, though 
it is unusual to find traces of it so far north as Derbyshire. The 
word “vine” shows that it was introduced by the Romans. 
When brought by them into Gaul it was called’ by the natives 
Vigne ; and when it was transplanted still further, the Britons 
named it guinstreu, or fiou-ras, as it is now called in the Welsh 
and Irish dialects. These appellations do not directly signify the 
vine, but only name it characteristically as the “wine-tree.” This is 
in itself a proof that they were acquainted with the liquor before 
the tree. In the Domesday Book thirty-eight vineyards are 
particularised. These were situated in the counties of Hertford, 
iddlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Kent, Hampshire, Dorset, and 
Wilts. These vineyards were chiefly cultivated near the great 
monastic establishments. There are at the present day fields so 
called in the precincts of the Abbeys of Beaulieu, Tewkesbury, and 
Bury St. Edmunds, and near the cathedral churches of Rochester, 
orcester, Wells, and Ely. It is said that they began to fall into 
disuse at the time when Gascony with its vineyards came into the 
ha nds of the English. ‘The vine continued, however, to be culti- 
vated in some few places as late as 1620, and it is still found wild 
certain hedges of the weald of Kent.* PLumBLeEy (Eckington) 
is from p/ume, the wild plum, whilst SLaNEY close (T. C. Clown) 
is derived from s/a, the sloe. There is a plantation near Wood- 
horpe which still bears the name of MuLtBerry Woop. t+ 
* Hone, Table Book, p. 728. Whitaker, Hist. of Manchester, vol. ii, p. 58. 
Zilis, Introduction to Domesday Book, vol. i, p. 118. 
+ The following etymology of the word “mulberry” is from Skinner's 
Etymologicon, 1671 :—‘‘ Mulberry, & Teut. AZauddeer, morum fructus, hoc 
@ Maul, os, et Beer, Bacca, q. d. Bacca oris, sic dicta ab non Medico 
frequentissimo ad ulcera et inflammationes oris in  Gargarismis et 
