74 PLACE AND FIELD NAMES OF DERBYSHIRE. 
Happon and Haprre_tp show a corrupted form of atfor, the 
adder. Here it may very likely have been the cognisance, and 
afterwards the name, of some neighbouring chieftain, FRoGGATT 
can scarcely refer to anything but the frog, whilst in the parish 
maps Frog closes, crofts, and fields are not infrequent. 
TOADHOLE and Toappoot are often similarly used. In some 
cases toadhole may allude to the basaltic strata known as 
*“ toadstone.” 
* * * * * * * 
The INSECTS commemorated in place-names are naturally 
very few. That insect, however, which, next to the silkworm, is 
of the most importance to man, is not forgotten in Derbyshire. 
We find BrELry, BEELow, and BEEHOLME. Wild honey is one 
of the chief articles of food that seems instinctively to suggest 
itself to the savage mind. But, previous to the advent of the 
Romans, the Britons had learnt the art of confining these insects 
in hives. One of these hives was dug up some years ago in 
Chat Moss. It was made of willow wood, was two yards and a 
half high, and contained four stories. The Anglo-Saxons took 
great pains with the culture of the bee, both for the sake of the 
honey and the wax. The Jeoh-ceorl, or beekeeper, was an 
important person on a Saxon farm. We not unfrequently read of 
hives of bees being stolen, and Du Cange mentions the apparently 
ridiculous custom of founding a trespassing swarm! By an Act 
of Edward IV. the officers of justice were forbidden to distrain 
upon a cow with its calf, a sheep with its lamb, a mare with its 
foal, or upon a hive of bees with a swarm. In an injunction 
made by Henry VIII. to the “Regardors of the Forest of 
Shyrewood in the countie of Nott. against the coming of Thomas 
Earle of Rutland Chiefe Justice in Eyre of the said Forest” as to 
the various inquiries they were to institute, we find: ‘‘ Also they 
must inquire of all honnye & waxe found in the said forest, or who 
of right ought to have it; that is to saye, the king or any othér.”* — 
* Du Cange, Glossary vy. Arna, Whitaker, Ast, of Manchester, vol. i. Pp 
316. Crompton, Jurisdiction des Courts de la Mayestie de la Roygue, Londini, 
1594, fol. 152. 
