SACRIST’S ROLL OF LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 135 
concerning the Anthem (“In Quires and places where they sing, here fol- 
loweth the Anthem”’) is zzdtcative rather than zmferative, and that it was 
first added in 1662. It states a fact ; and, no doubt, when processions were 
abolished, with the altars to which they were made, Cathedral Choirs would 
have found themselves in considerable danger of being swept away also, had 
—_ eo oe. ee. . 
they not made a stand, and been content to sing the Processional Anthem 
without moving from their position in the Choir. This alone sufficed to carry 
on the tradition ; and looked upon in this way, the modern Anthem Book of 
our Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, and the Hymn Book of our parish 
churches, are the only legitimate successors of the old Processtonale. It must 
be borne in mind, also, that the Morning and Evening Anthems in our 
” 
Prayer Book do not correspond to one another so closely as might at first 
sight appear to be the case. The Morning Anthem comes immediately before 
the Litany which precedes the Communion Service, and corresponds to the 
Processional Anthem or Respond sung at the churchyard procession before 
Mass. The Evening Anthem, on the other hand, follows the third Collect, 
and corresponds to the Processional Anthem or Respond sung ‘‘eundo et 
” 
redeundo,”’ in going to, and returning from, some subordinate altar in the 
church at the close of Vespers. 
~ (3) The Mass, which we call the Communion Service, was contained in the 
Missale, so far as the text was concerned. The Epistles and Gospels, being 
read at separate lecterns, would often be written in separate books, called 
Epistolaria and Evangeliaria. The musical portions of the Altar Service 
were latterly all contained in the Graduale, or Grayle, so called from one of 
the principal elements being the Resfonsortum Graduale or Respond to the 
Lectio Epistole. mn earlier times, these musical portions of the Missal Service 
were commonly contained in twoseparate books, the Gradualeand the Troparium. 
The Graduale, being in fact the Amtiphonarium of the Altar Service (as 
indeed it was called in the earliest times), contained all the passages of 
Scripture, varying according to the season and day, which served as Introits 
(Antiphone et Psalmi ad Introitum) before the Collects, as Gradual Responds 
or Graduals to the Epistle, as A//eluca versicles before the Gospel, as Ofer- 
foria at the time of the first oblation, and as Comsnuniones at the time of the 
reception of the consecrated elements. The Zvofarium contained the Z7vofi, 
or preliminary tags to the Introits; the Kyries; the Gloria in excelsis ; the 
Sequences or Prose ad Seguentiam before the Gospel; the Credo in unum ; 
the Sanctus and Benedictus; and the Agnus Dei ; all, in early times, liable 
to have insertions or farsure of their own, according to the season or day, 
which, however, were almost wholly swept away (except those of the Ayre) 
by the beginning of the thirteenth century. Even in Lyndewode’s time 
(A.D. 1433), the Zvofarium was explained to be a book containing merely 
the Sequences before the Gospel at Mass, so completely had the other 
7 
it 
