136 SACRIST’S ROLL OF LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
elements then disappeared or become incorporated in the Graduale. This 
definition of the Zyofarium is the more necessary, because so many o/d 
church inventories yet remain, which contain books, even at the time of 
writing the inventory long since disused, so that the lists would be unin- 
telligible without some such explanation. 
(4) The Occasional Services, so far as they concerned a priest, were of 
course more numerous in old days than now, and included the ceremonies for 
Candlemas, Ash Wednesday, Palm Sunday, etc., besides what were formerly 
known as the Sacramental Services. The book which contained these was 
in England called the AZarzwale, while on the Continent the name Aituale is 
more common. No church could well be without one of these. The purely 
episcopal offices were contained in the ZLzber pontzficalis or Pontifical, for 
which an ordinary church would have no need. 
(5) Besides these books of actual Services there was another, absolutely 
necessary for the right understanding and definite use of those already men- 
tioned. This was the Ordinale, or book containing the general rules relating 
to the Ordo divint servitii. It is the Ordinarius or Breviarius of many 
Continental churches. Its method was to go through the year and show what 
was to be done; what days were to take precedence of others; and how, 
under such circumstances, the details of the conflicting Services were to be 
dealt with. The basis of such a book would be either the well-known Sarum 
Consuetudinarium, called after S. Osmund, but really drawn up in the first 
quarter of the thirteenth century, the Lincoln Consuetudinarium belonging to 
the middle of the same century, or other such book. By the end of the 
fifteenth century Clement Maydeston’s Directorium Sacerdotum, or Priests’ 
Guide, had superseded all such books, and came itself to be called the Sarum 
Ordinale, until, about 1508, the shorter Ordinal, under the name of Pica 
Sarum, “the rules called the Pie,” having been cut up and re-distributed 
according to the seasons, came to be incorporated in the text of all the 
editions of the Sarum Breviary. 
61. Sir Thomas Pipe was a chantry priest of the cathedral, whose name 
occurs in several of the chapter muniments of the 14th century. 
62. The great Bibles were divided as follows :—Vol. I., Genesis—Psalms. 
Vol. II., Proverbs—Apocalypse. 
63. The Martyrologium wasa Register of the Benefactors of a religious establish- 
ment, with full particulars as to their donations, and the exact time of their 
deaths, so that there might be no omission of their commemoration as the 
anniversaries came round. Some of the earliest charters of the Chapter 
muniments of Lichfield relate to endowments for the due keeping of the 
Martyrologia. 
64, The invaluable MS., now in the Chapter Library, known as “5S. 
Chad’s Gospels,” must have been one of these volumes. Though not 
it. 
a _— Se 
a ee, ee 
