PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS OF DERBYSHIRE. 167 
WINDY KNOLL 
Quarry, near Castleton. This fissure, when traced to the 
bottom, proved to be a basin filled with clay, small blocks of 
stone, and the bones of animals. This rock-basin apparently was 
a swallow hole, which had filled with water and become a pool ; 
and to it, as Prof. B. Dawkins surmises with much probability, 
vast numbers of animals had gone to drink, especially bison and 
reindeer, as they made their yearly migration “ from the pastures 
of the valley of Hope, over the Pennine Chain into the plains of 
Cheshire, the two passes of the Winnetts and Mam Tor con- 
verging at that point.” Judging by the way in which the bones 
were found, “ with their proper articular surfaces together, . . . 
and dorsal vertebrze in a continuous chain,” it is evident that they 
had been drowned when crowding together; others, especially 
the young ones, of which there were large numbers, may have 
fallen a prey to the carnivora that followed them, as bones of the 
bear, wolf, and fox are numerous; there were also found a few 
remains of the hare. 
(Boyp Dawkins.) 
Fig. 2.—Zast and West Section through Windy Knoll Fissure. 
(Scale 20 feet to 1 inch.) 
I3 
