104 SOME NOTES ON ARBOR LOW. 
artificially raised platform, formed by digging out a circular fosse. 
Measurements that I took here in 1869 gave 18 feet as the average 
width of the fosse, 21 feet as the average height of the vallum on 
the inside, and 173 feet as the diameter of the central platform 
The longest of the prostrate stones that I could then measure was 
8 feet 3 inches. To this enclosed area there are two wide 
entrances, opening north and south. On the east side of the 
south entrance is a barrow or tumulus, attached in an irregular 
way to the outer vallum. This was first explored about 1770, 
again by Major Rooke, in 1782 ; thirdly, by Mr. William Bateman, 
in 1824; and fourthly, with success, in 1845, by Mr. Thomas 
Bateman. It was found to contain a cist of irregular shape, con- 
sisting of thirteen limestone blocks. The principal objects found 
therein, in addition to calcined human bones, were two rude food 
vases or jars, a bone pin, a piece of flint, and a piece of iron 
pyrites. 
Some 350 yards to the west of Arbor Low is a large conical 
tumulus, called Gib Hill, which used to be undoubtedly con- 
nected with the circle by a rampart of earth, now in most places 
worn level. It was explored in 1848 by Mr. T. Bateman. The 
interment was found close to the summit. The cist, consisting of 
five blocks of limestone, was removed, re-erected in the gardens of 
Lomberdale House, where I have seen it, and where I believe it 
yet remains. A small vase and calcined bones were found 
within the cist.. In other parts of the tumulus were found “a 
battered celt of basaltic stone, a dart or javelin point of flint, and 
a small iron fibula, which had been enriched with precious 
stones.” 
The occupation of this island by man is usually divided by 
archeologists into five great periods :— 
I. Paleolithic or First Stone Age, when the climate was very 
severe, and when man was coeval with the mammoth and woolly- 
haired rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, reindeer, white bear, and Irish 
elk. Stone implements were then used, but only rudely chipped. 
II. Neolithic or Second Stone Age, when the climate had 
grown more temperate, causing the disappearance of the now 
