94 ON THE MAMMOTH AT CRESWELL. 
suspected how many Proboscidea had flourished in prior ages. This 
remarkable form considerably exceededin size the largest of the living 
elephants, and was essentially an inhabitant of northern regions. 
It is said never to have passed south of a line drawn through the 
Pyrenees, the Alps, the northern shores of the Caspian, Lake 
Baikal, Kamschatka, and the Stanovi Mountains. If, as stated 
by Professor Boyd Dawkins, it may be regarded as proved that 
it lived during Pree-glacial times, it certainly survived the Glacial 
age, for its remains are found abundantly in Post-glacial deposits 
in Britain, France, Germany, Russia in Europe, Asia, and North 
America. Indeed it lived until after the advent of man on the 
earth. ‘This fact is placed beyond all question by the great num- 
ber of instances in which its remains have been found associated 
with implements of human manufacture, under circumstances 
precluding the possibility of subsequent admixture. 
Bones of the Mammoth are found in great abundance in Siberia. 
This fact alone would, in the absence of any further evidence, 
have led geologists to the conclusion that the Mammoth was fitted 
by nature to withstand the vicissitudes of a colder climate than 
either of the two living species of elephants. But we are not left 
to inference in this matter. Sir Charles Lyell records, in his 
“ Principles of Geology,” that, in 1803, Mr. Adams discovered, on 
the banks of the Lena, in lat. 70°, the entire carcase of a Mammoth, 
which fell from a mass of ice in which it had been encased. So 
perfectly had the soft parts of the carcase been preserved, that the 
flesh as it lay was devoured by wolves and bears. The skeleton 
is still to be seen in the museum of St. Petersburg. Instead of 
being naked, like the existing African and Indian elephants, the 
creature was found to be covered with a very thick and shaggy 
coating of fur. It must not, however, from this and other similar 
discoveries, be inferred that the Mammoth was, in every latitude, 
enveloped with such a thick covering. In this respect it may have 
presented variations according to the climate of the particular 
region in which it dwelt, after the manner of the modern domestic 
goat. Sir Richard Owen has pointed out that the teeth of the 
Mammoth have a larger proportion of dense enamel than either of 
