CALENDAR OF THE FINES FOR THE COUNTY OF DERBY. 197 
The second kind was upon acknowledgment of this right only, 
without the circumstance of a preceding gift by the deforciant. 
This form was generally used to pass a reversionary interest. 
The third kind is where the deforciant, in order to make an end 
of disputes, though he acknowledges no precedent right or gift, 
grants to the plaintiff an estate de novo, by way of supposed com- 
position, which may be either an estate in fee, in tail, for life, or 
even for years. 
The fourth kind is a double fine, comprehending Nos. 1 and 3. 
It is used in order to create particular limitations of estates. In 
this fine the plaintiff, after the right is acknowledged to be in him, 
renders or grants back to the deforciant some other estate in the 
lands. 
From this, it appears that the form of the fine should show 
what interest the conveying party had in the lands ; a point some- 
times of considerable importance. 
Formerly, fines were resorted to when, apparently, there was not 
the slightest necessity to have recourse to this kind of assurance ; 
but, as time went on, this was discontinued, and the long and 
elaborate settlements and other provisions which are often found 
in early fines ceased, all such provisions being made by separate 
indentures, leading or declaring the uses of the fine; a much 
more convenient and less cumbersome method ; for in this case 
the fine would resolve itself into the simplest form, and there 
would be no necessity to inrol, as of Record, the indenture of 
settlement, or whatever else it might be. In recent times, fines 
fell into the common form described as No. 1, ‘‘ Suz conuzance de 
droit come ces, etc.,” and they were used, I think I may say almost 
exclusively, for the purpose of barring estates tail, or conveying 
the estates of married women. The use of this method of assur- 
ance continued until the year 1834, when Fines and Recoveries 
were entirely abolished, and a simpler method was introduced. 
But that the general reader may not perplex himself with’ the 
minute distinctions before referred to, not always clear even to the 
well read jurist, it has been thought best, in the following calendar, 
not to overload the pages with unnecessary verbiage, but rather to 
