oerbvshire place-names. 55 



Oe, A, Ay, Ey. N. oy, ey ; Dan. Swed. o. An island. 



Or, Over ; N. yfer ; Dan. ozier : high, above. 



Scar ; N. skor : a rim, edge, from skara to jut out; hence also 

 N. skar^, a notch, chink, a mountain pass. 



Shaw; ^. skbgr ; h..^. shaw ; coppice, brushwood. 



Slack ; N. slakki ; a slope on a mountain ridge. 



Stead ; N. stalir ; A.S. steed ; stead. 



Stock; N. stokkr : A.S. tfnc : G. stock; D.sfok; a stock, block, 

 log of wood. Hence stockade, stock, etc., denoting an enclosure 

 of posts. 



Tarn ; N. tjorn ; a pool, small lake. 



Thorp; N. ]>orp ; A.S. \orp ; G. dorf : a hamlet, village. The 

 word was originally applied to the cottages of the poorer peasantry 

 crowded together in a hamlet, instead of each house standing in- 

 its own enclosure, like the tun or bier or gar^r. It is peculiar to 

 East Norway, very common as the second compound of Danish 

 local names as tri/p or ruj>. Hence \orpari, a peasant, boor, 

 churl, clown of the lower peasantry. For instance, in Domesdav 

 Book, it is recorded under Derbyshire (land of Nigel de Stratford) 

 " in Ravenstone Cedric had one carucate of land paying geld-land 

 for one plough ; it is waste ; there are eight acres of meadow ; in 

 the time of King Edward it was worth fifteen shillings." Under 

 Leicestershire (land of William Bvenvaslet), " William Rvenvaslet 

 holds two carucates of land in Ravenstorp ; it was waste, and is 

 so." Ravenstone still stands in both counties, but the distinction 

 " thorp " is lost. The homestead of Cedric, formerly the enclosed 

 farm of Raefn, the Norseman, alone gives the name to the place. 



Thwaite ; N. \veit a forest clearing ; D. Tvede ; A.S. fhvitan. 

 Chaucer, thvite, to chop. It seems originally to have been used 

 of an outlying cottage with its surrounding field. 



Toft ; N. topt, tompt, toft, tuft : A.S. toft, identical with the 

 English word tuft, a green tuft or knoll, a piece of ground, home- 

 stead. 



Ton ; N. tiin ; A.S. tun ; G. zciuu ; proi)erly a hedge, from G. 

 zauiten (tsownen) ; A.S. tynan, to hedge. At first a hedged or 

 fenced plot, enclosure within which a house is built : then the 



