ON RAINS CAVE, LONGCLIFFE, DERBYSHIRK. 1 69 



fragments, all the broken jaws were similar to these ; but the 



fourth perfect one was of a different character — the ramus sloping, 



the chin deep, the sigmoid notch large, and the coronoid process 



lofty. The following measurements of these perfect lower jaws 



will probably be of some value to anthropologists : — 



No. r. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. 



Inter-angular width 3- 7 in, 3' 2 in. yi^ in. 3'35 in. 



Width of ramus at grind- 

 ing level I' sin. 1" 4 in. i' 3 in. i' 2 in. 



Vertical height of condyle 2*42 in. i"75 in. 175 in. 2' i in. 



Depth at symphysis i'i5 in. i* o in. i" o in. i'25 in. 



Of these, No. 4 is the exceptional jaw. The teeth of Nos. i, 3, 

 and 4 are scarcely worn at all, and those (two molars, the only 

 teeth left) of No. 2 only moderately so. The latter, however, 

 belonged to a youthful person, for the wisdom teeth have not 

 made their appearance ; while the owner of No. 3 was in 

 his or her second dentition. It may be mentioned here that 

 some of the long bones found in the cave belonged to very 

 young children. 



Two perfect femora, and fragments of about a dozen more. 

 Were found during the excavation of 1889-91. The former 

 were among the loose de^Hs of Chamber 2. Of these, the 

 one is large and cylindrical, and its /i>/ea aspera is strongly 

 marked, but not so much as a projection, as a broad and rugged 

 pilaster, averaging | in. in width, and with the two lips well 

 separated. Its length, reckoning from the summit of the head, 

 is 1775 in.; and reckoning this as 27-51 of the total stature 

 in life (= 100), the latter would be 5 ft. 4-8 in. The otlier 

 femur is much smaller, more slender, and less cylindrical. The 

 length is i4"625 in., making the total stature 4 ft. 5-1 in. The 

 lima aspera is bold, but narrow and rounded, taking the form 

 of a keel-like projection. This ridge is also more or less strongly 

 marked on all the shaft fragments. 



The broken pair of femora referred to on page 244 in the last 

 report, are very similar to the latter, only they are rather larger. 

 The fracturcii surfaces are undoubtedly those of bones broken 



