DUFFIELD CASTLE. 1 39 



from a breadth of two inches. We do not know the exact spot 

 where this was found by the workmen. 



Number two is 4$ inches long by i\ inch wide ; the thin side 

 has been chipped and cut away to a comparatively fine edge, 

 though it can scarcely be called a cutting instrument. It is of a 

 dark slaty stone, and has been used, we think, for the scraping of 

 hides. Mr. Franks, of the British Museum, who most kindly 

 interested himself in several of these Duffield " finds," and gave 

 us most valuable information, thought that this and two other stone 

 implements, of somewhat similar though rather wider form, might 

 have been used in the shaping of pottery, and showed us some 

 similar-sized pieces of hard wood now used by the natives of 

 Madagascar for this object. This stone was found by us 5 feet 

 3 inches below the surface, in the long trench, near the place 

 marked B on the plan. 



Number three measures four inches by two in the broadest part. 

 It is a whitish, rather porous, but hard stone, with a sharpened 

 though dull edge. Its use has probably been the same as that last 

 described. This we saw dug up by the workmen, together with 

 a small whetstone, a little more than two feet below the surface, 

 at one end of the short trench marked D on the plan. 



Though not so interesting or so early as many of the highly 

 polished stones of the neolithic age, or the paleolithic flints found 

 in other parts of the county, these stones all pertain, we believe. 

 to the latter days of Celtic inhabitants, when stone implements 

 were more sparingly used. Such poor tools as these would have 

 been scorned by the Romans, and by those also in Britain who 

 came under their immediate influence ; nor do we think that they 

 are of a character that could possibly have recommended them to 

 Anglo-Saxon settlers on this site. 



IV. — The Romans at Duffield. 



After various attacks and withdrawals, the island of Britain 

 finally passed into Roman subjection about fifty years after the 

 beginning of the Christian era. When the Emperor Hadrian 

 visited England, a.d. 120, the marvellous system of roads, 



