DUFFIELD CASTLE. 149 



cases in which the mound is placed within a rectangular enclosure, 

 which has given rise to a notion that the whole was Roman. 

 Tamworth is such a case, and there, fortunately, the mount is 

 known historically. to have been the work of Athelflaed, as is that 

 of Leicester, similarly placed. From this, and from the evidence 

 of the earthworks themselves, a like conclusion may be drawn as 

 to the superadded mounds at Wareham, Wallingford, and Cardiff. 

 At Helmsley, as at Castle Acre, Brougham, and Brough, the 

 earthworks stand upon part of a Roman camp, and at Kilpeck 

 and Moat Lane, near Llanidloes, part of the area may possibly be 

 British. 



" East Anglia contains some fine examples of these moated 

 mounds, combined with rectangular encampments. Castle Acre 

 is an excellent example, as are, in a less degree, Mileham and 

 Buckenham. 



" When the English lord took up his abode within a Roman 

 camp or station, he often turned the Roman works, whether of 

 earth or masonry, to account, and threw up his bank in one 

 corner, altering the contiguous banks and ditches to suit his new 

 arrangements. Thus at Pevensey, Leicester, Cambridge, Lincoln, 

 Southampton, Winchester, Chichester, Caerleon, and Chester, 

 English mounds and base courts are placed within Roman 

 enclosures, which either are or were walled. At Auldchester, 

 near Bicester, the Roman Alauna, is a mound of later date than 

 the camp. At Plessy, Tamworth, Wallingford, Wareham, and 

 Cardiff, are found mounds decidedly of later date than the 

 enclosing works. There are also cases where the mound is placed 

 within an earthwork with something of a tendency to the 

 rectangular, though scarcely to be pronounced either Roman or 

 Romano-British. Such as Clare, Hereford, Eaton-Socon, where 

 the mound is very small indeed, and Lilbourne. Tempsford is 

 very peculiar ; it is a small rectangular enclosure close to the 

 Ouse, and in one corner, upon the bank, is a small mound. 



" The group of works, of which the mound was the principal 

 feature, constituted a burh. The burh was always fortified, and 

 each inhabitant of the surrounding township was bound to aid in 



