174 DUFFIELD CASTLE. 



kind, though hinged snaffle-bits, as well as elaborate curbs, 

 were occasionally used in those days. 



Several potsherds found near the surface are of Norman date, 

 and chiefly bear a thin yellowish-brown glaze. Others of a dull 

 slate colour and unglazed may be of the same date. No frag- 

 ments were found of any special size or pattern, save that in the 

 well was a very large piece of a big pan, used for salting or some 

 other culinary purpose, but it had become discoloured, and of a 

 dullish grey, from its centuries of sojourn in the water. Some of 

 the Norman pieces were very similar to those found in 1861 at 

 Burley Hill, in Duffield parish, about a mile and a half to the 

 south of the castle, when a medieval pottery kiln was uncovered.* 



A considerable supply of bones were found when clearing the 

 site of the keep, chiefly at parts adjacent to the well. With one 

 or two exceptions, they are merely kitchen refuse. Rev. J. 

 Magens Mello was kind enough to draw up a brief report on these 

 bones, and described them as belonging to the following species : — 

 (1) Common short-horned ox {bos longifrons), (2) sheep {pvis 

 aries), (3) red deer {cervus elephas), (4) roe deer {cervus capreolus) 

 (5) hare or rabbit {lepus timidus or cuniculus), (6) domestic hog or 

 wild boar {sus scrofa), (7) dog {cants familiaris), (6) domestic 

 fowl {gallus domesticus), (9) a larger bird, goose or swan, and (10) 

 man. 



For the presence of the last of these we have accounted when 

 dealing with Anglo-Saxon interment. Red deer abounded in the 

 forest of Duffield, and in many other parts of the county to a far 

 later period than the demolition of Duffield Castle ; they are 

 represented in these remains by a variety of bones, as well as by 

 fragments of antlers, and also by a few teeth. The roe deer were 

 also once common throughout the mountain ranges extending 

 from Derbyshire into Scotland ; and we know that there was an 

 abundant supply in Derbyshire in the reigns of John, Henry III., 

 and the first three Edwards. With regard to the ox bones, which 

 were in considerable abundance, and consisted chiefly of the long 



* Reliquary, vol. ii., pp. 16-18. 



