480 FREDERIC T. LEWIS 



Bidloo's plates, states that A is the part of the duodenum arising 

 from the pylorus and adds that B is the antrum pylori. 



In 1732 Winslow described the large arch running along the 

 greatest convexity of the stomach, and the small one directly 

 opposite, and named them the great and small curvatures. Bichat 

 (1802) states that "the great curvature ends simply at the pyloric 

 orifice, without presenting anything of note unless it be the elbow 

 (le coude) formed by this pyloric orifice, and named the small 

 cul-de-sac; but there is no particular swelling at this place and the 

 bend is precisely in the direction of the pylorus." Cloquet 

 (1831) repeated this description and Cruveilhier (1834) made it 

 more explicit. He states that at about 2 or 3 cm. from the pylorus 

 "the stomach, bending sharply upon itself, forms a very pro- 

 nounced elbow (coude de l'estomac) on the side of the greater 

 curvature, and presents an ampulla, corresponding to an interior 

 excavation, named by Willis the pyloric antrum, by others the 

 small cul-de-sac." 



As pointed out by Miiller (1897), Cruveilhier was unjustified 

 in identifying a pouch about an inch from the pylorus with the 

 pyloric antrum of Willis; but he was correct in stating that "it 

 is not rare to see a second ampulla beside the first, and a third 

 but smaller one, on the side of the lesser curvature" (compare 

 with figs. 2 and 3). These had not been recognized by Willis, 

 but Cowper, in describing Bidloo's plate, was confronted with 

 the question whether one or more of these parts was to be regarded 

 as the antrum. In applying the term to the part adjacent to the 



Fig. 1 Willis's figure of the inverted stomach re-drawn and reduced one-half. 

 ''A, Orificium sinistrum, sive os ventriculi. B, Pylori Antrum, in quo, Tunicae 

 crassiores existunt. C, Orificium ejus, cuo Duodenum annectitur." 



Fig. 2 Bidloo's figure of the unopened stomach, re-drawn and reduced two- 

 thirds, with lettering added from Bidloo's drawing of the same stomach opened, 

 and from Cowper's edition of Bidloo's plates. A, pylorus (Bidloo) ; portion of the 

 intestinum duodenum (Cowper). B, antrum pylori (Cowper). C, D, two bunch- 

 ings out in the lower part or fundus of the stomach (Cowper) ; in fundo Gibbis orna- 

 tur duobus (Bidloo). 



Fig. 3 Home's figure of "the human stomach inverted, to show the contraction 

 which divides the cavity into two portions." Re-drawn and reduced two-thirds. 

 act, the cardiac portion, b, the contraction dividing the cardiac from the pyloric 

 portion, c, the pyloric portion, d, the pylorus. 



