482 FREDERIC T. LEWIS 



pylorus but not extending to the bend of the stomach, Cowper was 

 justified by Willis's figure here reproduced as figure 1. According 

 to Cunningham (1906) "no part of the organ is more definite and 

 distinct" than the region which Cowper designated 'antrum 

 pylori' and which, rediscovered by Jonnesco (1895), was named the 

 pyloric canal. It may be defined as the part of the stomach adja- 

 cent to the pylorus, averaging 3 cm. in length, cylindrical when 

 empty, bulbous when distended, separated from the remainder of 

 the stomach by a groove on the greater curvature — the 'sulcus 

 intermedins' of His (1903). For the small cul-de-sac of Cruveil- 

 hier the term 'pyloric vestibule' (Jonnesco, 1895) may be adopted. 



Unfortunately Cowper's use of pyloric antrum has been over- 

 looked by later anatomists, and the term has been so variously 

 employed, as tabulated by Miiller, that Mtiller, His and Cunning- 

 ham have proposed to abandon it altogether. His has suggested 

 an entirely new nomenclature for the pyloric region, as follows: 

 for pyloric vestibule, camera princeps; for the swelling on the 

 lesser curvature opposite the sulcus intermedius (fig. 3), camera 

 minor; and for pyloric antrum, camera tertia. But these terms, 

 as stated by Cunningham, are not in every respect satisfactory, 

 and it may be well to retain the appropriate name 'pyloric antrum' 

 in the sense of Cowper, following Meyer (1861) and Hasse and 

 Strecker (1905). 



The normal division of the entire stomach into two parts, car- 

 diac and pyloric (of which the latter presents the subdivisions just 

 described), was first recognized by Home (1814). He wrote as 

 follows : 



I found also, in the necessary examinations, that the dog's stomach, 

 while digestion is going on, is divided by a muscular contraction into two 

 portions; that next the cardia is the largest, and usually containing a 

 quantity of liquid, in which there was some solid food; but the other, 

 which extended to the pylorus, being filled entirely with half-digested 

 food of an ordinary consistence. I shall, therefore, in my future descrip- 

 tion call that part which constitutes the first cavity the cardiac portion, 

 and that which constitutes the second the pyloric portion (p. 140). 

 The cardiac portion is in length two-thirds of the whole, but in capacity 

 much greater (p. 139). 



Home distinguished these two portions not only in the dog- 

 but, with varying distinctness and permanence, in many animals, 



